Palabras clave
cambios concentrados
contrastes independientes
estados contingentes
método comparativo filogenético
Cómo citar
Resumen
En los últimos diez años, la apreciación de que las relaciones jerárquicas de ancestralidad común entre las especies las convierte en productos evolutivos no independientes ha revolucionado la forma en la que se realizan los estudios comparativos. Los métodos comparativos filogenéticos se basan en la noción de que los grados de libertad de los análisis no están dados simplemente por el número de especies involucradas en el estudio sino por el número de instancias independientes de evolución de los caracteres estudiados. Además de describir tres de los métodos actualmente más utilizados (Contrastes Filogenéticamente Independientes, Cambios Concentrados y Estados Contingentes) y de ejemplificar su uso en el campo ornitológico, se discuten algunas de las objeciones que se han planteado al uso de los métodos comparativos filogenéticos, tales como la falta de filogenias robustas y los problemas de reconstrucción de los estados ancestrales.
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