Palabras clave
especies centinela
estuario de Bahía Blanca
Gaviota Cangrejera
Gaviota Cocinera
Larus atlanticus
Larus dominicanus
patógenos zoonóticos
Cómo citar
Resumen
El estuario de Bahía Blanca en Argentina se encuentra bajo el efecto de la contaminación microbiológica a partir del vertido de desagües cloacales sin tratamiento previo y los patógenos asociados. En este estuario existen colonias reproductivas de Gaviota Cangrejera (Larus atlanticus) y Gaviota Cocinera (Larus dominicanus) y los adultos alimentan a sus crías con presas obtenidas en sitios contaminados con desagües cloacales y en basurales a cielo abierto donde pueden estar expuestas a patógenos de origen humano y animal. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el rol de la Gaviota Cangrejera y de la Gaviota Cocinera como portadores de patógenos zoonóticos de origen fecal. A partir de las muestras de material fecal se recuperaron Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium, Salmonella enterica var. Gallinarum, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Enterobacter cloacae y Klebsiella pneumoniae. La prevalencia y diversidad de patógenos varió entre las dos especies de gaviotas, y la Gaviota Cangrejera fue positiva para una mayor variedad de patógenos que la Gaviota Cocinera. Escherichia coli fue la bacteria más prevalente en pichones y adultos de ambas especies, seguida por Salmonella spp. en pichones de Gaviota Cangrejera, y Enterobacter cloacae y Shigella dysenteriae en adultos de Gaviota Cangrejera. Se propone el uso de estas especies de gaviotas como centinelas de contaminación microbiológica en el estuario de Bahía Blanca.
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