Áreas marinas clave durante la migración de los pingüinos en el Mar Argentino: aportes al conocimiento para su conservación

Melina Barrionuevo; Marcelo Acha; Esteban Frere

doi:10.56178/eh.v41i1.1537

Artículos Publicado 28 junio 2026 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i1.1537

Áreas marinas clave durante la migración de los pingüinos en el Mar Argentino: aportes al conocimiento para su conservación

época no-reproductiva frentes marinos Mar Argentino migración pingüinos

Melina Barrionuevo Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, 8400 Bariloche, Argentina

Marcelo Acha Programa Ecología Pesquera, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), CONICET, Paseo Victoria Ocampo No. 1, B760 HSA Mar del Plata, Argentina

Esteban Frere Centro de Investigaciones de Puerto Deseado, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral, CONICET, Av. Prefectura s/n, 9100 Puerto Deseado, Argentina

Resumen

Durante la migración, las aves marinas se concentran en áreas oceánicas claves asociadas a una alta productividad. Los Pingüinos de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus) y Penacho Amarillo (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) pasan la mayor parte de la temporada no-reproductiva migrando en el Mar Argentino. Aquí comparamos las distancias y fenologías de los viajes migratorios entre ambas especies que nidifican en colonias cercanas (< 20 km de distancia en Puerto Deseado, Santa Cruz). Además, evaluamos la asociación de estas colonias y otras colonias de Pingüinos de Magallanes a los frentes marinos durante la migración. Entre 2017 y 2024, analizamos 186 geolocalizadores recuperados de individuos adultos de ambas especies. Los Pingüinos Penacho Amarillo recorrieron distancias totales mayores y se desplazaron más mar adentro que los Pingüinos de Magallanes, pero las distancias máximas alcanzadas fueron similares. Los Pingüinos de Magallanes partieron y regresaron de la colonia antes que los Pingüinos Penacho Amarillo, manifestando una alocronía reproductiva interespecífica. El frente más utilizado por ambas especies fue el de El Rincón. En el caso del Pingüino de Magallanes, el frente del Río de la Plata parece actuar como el límite oriental en la migración de individuos de las colonias del norte (60% de la población evaluada), en tanto que el frente de la Corriente Patagónica es utilizado por los individuos de las colonias del sur (16%). Ante anomalías térmicas, los Pingüinos Penacho Amarillo usaron además el frente del talud. Estos hallazgos evidencian una segregación espacial y temporal en la utilización de hábitats de estas especies y resaltan la importancia de áreas clave para su conservación, como las aguas de El Rincón y el Río de la Plata.

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Melina Barrionuevo, Marcelo Acha, Esteban Frere (2026). Áreas marinas clave durante la migración de los pingüinos en el Mar Argentino: aportes al conocimiento para su conservación. El Hornero, Vol. 41 Núm. 1 (2026), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i1.1537

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