Palabras clave
Filogeografía
Pleistoceno
Selva Atlántica
Trichothraupis
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los ciclos climáticos del Pleistoceno afectaron la distribución de la vegetación de diferentes biomas, condicionando la distribución y evolución de la fauna asociada. Muchos estudios sobre organismos de la Selva Atlántica (SA) sugieren que los ciclos glaciales e interglaciales del Pleistoceno han producido poblaciones demográficamente estables en la región central de la selva y poblaciones inestables en sus regiones del sur (conocido como modelo Carnaval-Moritz). Estudiamos la estructura filogeográfica de un paseriforme que se distribuye en la SA, el Frutero de Anteojos Negros (Trichothraupis melanops, Thraupidae), y evaluamos preguntas relacionadas con la historia de la SA. Analizamos tres genes independientes, dos nucleares y uno mitocondrial, utilizando métodos de genética de poblaciones basados en estadísticas sumarias y métodos filogeográficos tradicionales. Nuestros resultados sugieren que T. melanops comparte características filogeográficas con otros taxones de la SA. Si bien se encontró un gradiente de tamaño poblacional efectivo entre las poblaciones del centro y del sur, lo que concuerda con los resultados de otros estudios filogeográficos y el modelo de refugios (el modelo Carnaval-Moritz), no hay evidencia de un gradiente de diversidad genética. Además, hemos encontrado que las poblaciones de T. melanops presentan la dinámica demográfica esperada por el modelo Carnaval-Moritz: la población del centro-sur resultó ser la que presenta mayores signos de expansión demográfica reciente, en comparación con las poblaciones central y de la costa sur. Aunque esta especie es ecológicamente generalista y poco sensible a la fragmentación y degradación forestal, ha sido impactada por el dinamismo histórico de la Selva Atlántica.
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