Beyond birds’ conservation: Engaging communities for the conservation of urban green spaces

Tulaci Bhakti; Marina P Lodi; Leonardo S Marujo; João Carlos Pena; Marcos Rodrigues

doi:10.56178/eh.v38i1.1422

Puntos de Vista Publicado 27 julio 2023 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v38i1.1422

Más allá de la conservación de las aves: Involucrando a las comunidades para la conservación de los espacios verdes urbanos

ecología urbana educación ambiental participación ciudadana socioambiental

Tulaci Bhakti Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil | Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Marina P Lodi Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Leonardo S Marujo Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

João Carlos Pena Spatial Ecology and Conservation Lab (LEEC), Department of Biodiversity, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil | Laboratório de Genética & Biodiversidade, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74690-900 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Marcos Rodrigues Laboratório de Ornitologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

Resumen

Los espacios verdes urbanos son importantes para la conservación de las aves, ya que funcionan como un amortiguador contra los impactos de las acciones humanas en su entorno. Sin embargo, los espacios verdes también aportan varios beneficios al ser humano, como la mejora de las condiciones climáticas y un contacto más íntimo con la naturaleza. En este punto de vista, dividido en tres secciones, describimos cómo la investigación ornitológica en un parche de vegetación periurbano en una metrópolis tropical culminó en un movimiento de protección ambiental. Este parche de vegetación está compuesto por un mosaico de fitofisionomías típicas de la zona de transición entre dos hotspots de biodiversidad: Cerrado y Mata Atlántica. Su vegetación presenta características que indican una alta degradación, pero la región aún alberga 108 especies de aves (entre especies amenazadas y endémicas), lo que sugiere que incluso bajo impactos intensos, el área presenta características de resiliencia para albergar la biodiversidad local. Dados estos hallazgos, discutimos el potencial de este espacio verde urbano para la investigación científica, la educación ambiental y la observación de aves. Destacamos la posibilidad de incidir en el compromiso de la comunidad en la conservación del área, ya sea para la preservación de especies carismáticas o para actividades lúdicas y educativas. Reducir la brecha entre la academia y la sociedad puede ayudar en la conservación de los espacios verdes urbanos, especialmente en una región que presenta alta vulnerabilidad socioambiental.

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Referencias

Aguilar AG (2008) Peri-urbanization, illegal settlements and environmental impact in Mexico City. Cities 25:133–145
Belo Horizonte (2019) Plano Diretor do Município de Belo Horizonte Lei no 11.181
Beninde J, Veith M and Hochkirch A (2015) Biodiversity in cities needs space: a meta-analysis of factors determining intra-urban biodiversity variation. Ecology Letters 18:581–592
Bhakti T, Pena JC, Niebuhr BB, Sampaio J, Goulart FF, de Azevedo CS, Ribeiro MC and Antonini Y (2021) Combining land cover, animal behavior, and master plan regulations to assess landscape permeability for birds. Landscape and Urban Planning 214:104171
Bhakti T, Pena JC and Rodrigues M (2020) Unplanned urban growth and its potential impacts on bird species in a South American city. Floresta e Ambiente 27: e20190111
BirdLife International (2020) Jacamaralcyon tridactyla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22682186A153924733. (URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682186A153924733.en)
Canedoli C, Manenti R and Padoa-Schioppa E (2018) Birds biodiversity in urban and periurban forests: environmental determinants at local and landscape scales. Urban Ecosystems 21:779–793
Castillo-Aguilar MA and Roa-Angulo V (2021) Birdwatching Tourism and Environmental Education as Strategies for the Conservation of Wetlands in the City of Bogotá, Colombia. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14: 1036–1043
CBH Velhas (2021) Quilombo Mangueiras e a luta pela preservação de seu território na bacia do Rio das Velhas (URL: https://cbhvelhas.org.br/noticias-internas/quilombo-mangueiras-e-a-luta-pela-preservacao-de-seu-territorio-na-bacia-do-rio-das-velhas/)
Constantino PAL (2020) Challenges of Forest Citizen Involvement in Biodiversity Monitoring in Protected Areas of Brazilian Amazonia. Pp 237–248 in: Lepczyk CA, Boyle OD, Vargo TLV (eds) Handbook of Citizen Science in Conservation and Ecology. University of California Press
Cunha DGF, Marques JF, Resende JC, Falco PB, Souza CM and Loiselle SA (2017) Citizen science participation in research in the environmental sciences: Key factors related to projects’ success and longevity. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 89:2229-2245
Depietri Y, Renaud FG and Kallis G (2012) Heat waves and floods in urban areas: a policy-oriented review of ecosystem services. Sustainability Science 7:95–107
Eriksson M, Samuelson L, Jägrud L, Mattsson E, Celander T, Malmer A, Bengtsson K, Johansson O, Schaaf N, Svending O and Tengberg A (2018) Water, Forests, People: The Swedish Experience in Building Resilient. Environmental Management 62:45–57
Escobar-Ibáñez JF, Rueda-Hernández R and Macgregor-Fors I (2020) The greener the better! Avian communities across a Neotropical gradient of urbanization density. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:500791
Fournier B, Frey D and Moretti M (2020) The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city. Journal of Biogeography 47:615–629
Horta MB, Bhakti T, Cordeiro PF, Carvalho-Ribeiro SM, Fernandes GW and Goulart FF (2018) Functional connectivity in urban landscapes promoted by Ramphastos toco (Toco Toucan) and its implications for policy making. Urban Ecosystems 21:1097–1111
Ives CD, Lentini PE, Threlfall CG, Ikin K, Shanahan DF, Garrard GE, Bekessy SA, Fuller RA, Mumaw L, Rayner L, Rowe R, Valentine LE and Kendal D (2016) Cities are hotspots for threatened species. Global Ecology and Biogeography 25:117-126
Jacobs J (2011) Morte e vida de grandes cidades. WMF Martins Fontes, São Paulo
Kowarik I and von der Lippe M (2018) Plant population success across urban ecosystems: A framework to inform biodiversity conservation in cities. Journal of Applied Ecology 55:2354-2361
Luck GW (2007) A review of the relationships between human population density and biodiversity. Biological Reviews 82:607–645
Luna A, Romero-Vidal P, Hiraldo F and Tella JL (2018) Cities may save some threatened species but not their ecological functions. PeerJ 6:e4908
Mcdonald RI, Marcotullio PJ and Güneralp B (2013) Urbanization and global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services. Pp 31-52 in: Elmqvist T, Fragkias M, Goodness J, Güneralp B, Marcotullio PJ… and Wilkinson C (eds) Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer, Dordrecht
Morelli F, Reif J, Díaz M, Tryjanowski P, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Suhonen J, ... and Benedetti Y (2021). Top ten birds indicators of high environmental quality in European cities. Ecological Indicators 133:108397
Pacheco JF, Silveira LF, Aleixo A, Agne CE, Bencke GA, Bravo GA and Brito GRR (2021) Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee – second edition. Ornithology Research 29:1–123
Parris KM, Amati M, Bekessy SA, Dagenais D, Fryd O, Hahs AK, Hes D, Imberger SJ, Livesley SJ, Marshall AJ, Rhodes JR, Threlfall CG, Tingley R, van der Ree R, Walsh CJ, Wilkerson ML and Williams NSG (2018) The seven lamps of planning for biodiversity in the city. Cities 83:44–53
PBH (2018) Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M) Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (URL: https://prefeitura.pbh.gov.br/estatisticas-e-indicadores/indice-de-desenvolvimento-humano-municipal-de-belo-horizonte>)
Pedretti E (1999) Decision making and STS education: Exploring scientific knowledge and social responsibility in schools and science centers through an issues-based approach. School Science and Mathematics 99:174–181
Pena JC, de Assis JC , da Silva RA, Honda LK, Pagani MI and Ribeiro MC (2017a) Beyond the mining pit: The academic role in social deliberation for participatory environmental planning. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 15:194–198
Pena JC, Martello F, Ribeiro MC, Armitage RA, Young RJ and Rodrigues M (2017b) Street trees reduce the negative effects of urbanization on birds. PLoS ONE 12(3):e0174484
Pena JC, Ovaskainen, O, Macgregor-Fors, I, Teixeira, CP, Ribeiro, MC (2023) The relationships between urbanization and bird functional traits across the streetscape. Landscape and Urban Planning 232:104685
Senra JB (2018) Epitáfio: A Floresta Se Despede Da Cidade? Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: Dissertação, Belo Horizonte
Silva JMC (1995) Biogeographic analysis of the South American Cerrado avifauna. Steenstrupia 21:46–67Silva CEM, Neto CCC, Bezerra ACV, Rodrigues RHA and Florencio BOG (2022) Valoração de serviços ecossistêmicos culturais como estratégia para o planejamento urbano. Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica 35: 19–35
SMMA (2014) Vulnerabilidade ondas de calor 2030. PRODABEL - SGS - Superintendência de Geoprocessamento Corporativo (URL: )
Tratalos J, Fuller RA, Warren PH, Davies RG and Gaston KJ (2007) Urban form, biodiversity potential and ecosystem services. Landscape and Urban Planning 83:308–317
Vale MM, Tourinho L, Lorini ML, Lorini ML, Rajão HF and Figueiredo MSL (2018) Endemic birds of the Atlantic Forest: Traits, conservation status, and patterns of biodiversity. Journal of Field Ornithology 89:193–206
Villaseñor NR, Chiang LA, Hernández HJ and Escobar MAH (2020) Vacant lands as refuges for native birds: An opportunity for biodiversity conservation in cities. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 49:126632
Yankson PWK and Gough KV (2013) The environmental impact of rapid urbanization in the peri-urban area of Accra, Ghana. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 99:89-100
Zipperer WC and Pickett ST (2012) Urban ecology: Patterns of population growth and ecological effects. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

Cómo citar

Tulaci Bhakti, Marina P Lodi, Leonardo S Marujo, João Carlos Pena, Marcos Rodrigues (2023). Más allá de la conservación de las aves: Involucrando a las comunidades para la conservación de los espacios verdes urbanos. El Hornero, Vol. 38 Núm. 1 (2023), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v38i1.1422

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Licencia: CC BY-NC 4.0

[1] Aguilar AG (2008) Peri-urbanization, illegal settlements and environmental impact in Mexico City. Cities 25:133–145

[2] Belo Horizonte (2019) Plano Diretor do Município de Belo Horizonte Lei no 11.181

[3] Beninde J, Veith M and Hochkirch A (2015) Biodiversity in cities needs space: a meta-analysis of factors determining intra-urban biodiversity variation. Ecology Letters 18:581–592

[4] Bhakti T, Pena JC, Niebuhr BB, Sampaio J, Goulart FF, de Azevedo CS, Ribeiro MC and Antonini Y (2021) Combining land cover, animal behavior, and master plan regulations to assess landscape permeability for birds. Landscape and Urban Planning 214:104171

[5] Bhakti T, Pena JC and Rodrigues M (2020) Unplanned urban growth and its potential impacts on bird species in a South American city. Floresta e Ambiente 27: e20190111

[6] BirdLife International (2020) Jacamaralcyon tridactyla. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22682186A153924733. (URL: https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682186A153924733.en)

[7] Canedoli C, Manenti R and Padoa-Schioppa E (2018) Birds biodiversity in urban and periurban forests: environmental determinants at local and landscape scales. Urban Ecosystems 21:779–793

[8] Castillo-Aguilar MA and Roa-Angulo V (2021) Birdwatching Tourism and Environmental Education as Strategies for the Conservation of Wetlands in the City of Bogotá, Colombia. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 14: 1036–1043

[9] CBH Velhas (2021) Quilombo Mangueiras e a luta pela preservação de seu território na bacia do Rio das Velhas (URL: https://cbhvelhas.org.br/noticias-internas/quilombo-mangueiras-e-a-luta-pela-preservacao-de-seu-territorio-na-bacia-do-rio-das-velhas/)

[10] Constantino PAL (2020) Challenges of Forest Citizen Involvement in Biodiversity Monitoring in Protected Areas of Brazilian Amazonia. Pp 237–248 in: Lepczyk CA, Boyle OD, Vargo TLV (eds) Handbook of Citizen Science in Conservation and Ecology. University of California Press

[11] Cunha DGF, Marques JF, Resende JC, Falco PB, Souza CM and Loiselle SA (2017) Citizen science participation in research in the environmental sciences: Key factors related to projects’ success and longevity. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 89:2229-2245

[12] Depietri Y, Renaud FG and Kallis G (2012) Heat waves and floods in urban areas: a policy-oriented review of ecosystem services. Sustainability Science 7:95–107

[13] Eriksson M, Samuelson L, Jägrud L, Mattsson E, Celander T, Malmer A, Bengtsson K, Johansson O, Schaaf N, Svending O and Tengberg A (2018) Water, Forests, People: The Swedish Experience in Building Resilient. Environmental Management 62:45–57

[14] Escobar-Ibáñez JF, Rueda-Hernández R and Macgregor-Fors I (2020) The greener the better! Avian communities across a Neotropical gradient of urbanization density. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:500791

[15] Fournier B, Frey D and Moretti M (2020) The origin of urban communities: From the regional species pool to community assemblages in city. Journal of Biogeography 47:615–629

[16] Horta MB, Bhakti T, Cordeiro PF, Carvalho-Ribeiro SM, Fernandes GW and Goulart FF (2018) Functional connectivity in urban landscapes promoted by Ramphastos toco (Toco Toucan) and its implications for policy making. Urban Ecosystems 21:1097–1111

[17] Ives CD, Lentini PE, Threlfall CG, Ikin K, Shanahan DF, Garrard GE, Bekessy SA, Fuller RA, Mumaw L, Rayner L, Rowe R, Valentine LE and Kendal D (2016) Cities are hotspots for threatened species. Global Ecology and Biogeography 25:117-126

[18] Jacobs J (2011) Morte e vida de grandes cidades. WMF Martins Fontes, São Paulo

[19] Kowarik I and von der Lippe M (2018) Plant population success across urban ecosystems: A framework to inform biodiversity conservation in cities. Journal of Applied Ecology 55:2354-2361

[20] Luck GW (2007) A review of the relationships between human population density and biodiversity. Biological Reviews 82:607–645

[21] Luna A, Romero-Vidal P, Hiraldo F and Tella JL (2018) Cities may save some threatened species but not their ecological functions. PeerJ 6:e4908

[22] Mcdonald RI, Marcotullio PJ and Güneralp B (2013) Urbanization and global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services. Pp 31-52 in: Elmqvist T, Fragkias M, Goodness J, Güneralp B, Marcotullio PJ… and Wilkinson C (eds) Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities. Springer, Dordrecht

[23] Morelli F, Reif J, Díaz M, Tryjanowski P, Ibáñez-Álamo JD, Suhonen J, ... and Benedetti Y (2021). Top ten birds indicators of high environmental quality in European cities. Ecological Indicators 133:108397

[24] Pacheco JF, Silveira LF, Aleixo A, Agne CE, Bencke GA, Bravo GA and Brito GRR (2021) Annotated checklist of the birds of Brazil by the Brazilian Ornithological Records Committee – second edition. Ornithology Research 29:1–123

[25] Parris KM, Amati M, Bekessy SA, Dagenais D, Fryd O, Hahs AK, Hes D, Imberger SJ, Livesley SJ, Marshall AJ, Rhodes JR, Threlfall CG, Tingley R, van der Ree R, Walsh CJ, Wilkerson ML and Williams NSG (2018) The seven lamps of planning for biodiversity in the city. Cities 83:44–53

[26] PBH (2018) Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IDH-M) Prefeitura de Belo Horizonte (URL: https://prefeitura.pbh.gov.br/estatisticas-e-indicadores/indice-de-desenvolvimento-humano-municipal-de-belo-horizonte>)

[27] Pedretti E (1999) Decision making and STS education: Exploring scientific knowledge and social responsibility in schools and science centers through an issues-based approach. School Science and Mathematics 99:174–181

[28] Pena JC, de Assis JC , da Silva RA, Honda LK, Pagani MI and Ribeiro MC (2017a) Beyond the mining pit: The academic role in social deliberation for participatory environmental planning. Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 15:194–198

[29] Pena JC, Martello F, Ribeiro MC, Armitage RA, Young RJ and Rodrigues M (2017b) Street trees reduce the negative effects of urbanization on birds. PLoS ONE 12(3):e0174484

[30] Pena JC, Ovaskainen, O, Macgregor-Fors, I, Teixeira, CP, Ribeiro, MC (2023) The relationships between urbanization and bird functional traits across the streetscape. Landscape and Urban Planning 232:104685

[31] Senra JB (2018) Epitáfio: A Floresta Se Despede Da Cidade? Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais: Dissertação, Belo Horizonte

[32] Silva JMC (1995) Biogeographic analysis of the South American Cerrado avifauna. Steenstrupia 21:46–67Silva CEM, Neto CCC, Bezerra ACV, Rodrigues RHA and Florencio BOG (2022) Valoração de serviços ecossistêmicos culturais como estratégia para o planejamento urbano. Revista Iberoamericana de Economía Ecológica 35: 19–35

[33] SMMA (2014) Vulnerabilidade ondas de calor 2030. PRODABEL - SGS - Superintendência de Geoprocessamento Corporativo (URL: )

[34] Tratalos J, Fuller RA, Warren PH, Davies RG and Gaston KJ (2007) Urban form, biodiversity potential and ecosystem services. Landscape and Urban Planning 83:308–317

[35] Vale MM, Tourinho L, Lorini ML, Lorini ML, Rajão HF and Figueiredo MSL (2018) Endemic birds of the Atlantic Forest: Traits, conservation status, and patterns of biodiversity. Journal of Field Ornithology 89:193–206

[36] Villaseñor NR, Chiang LA, Hernández HJ and Escobar MAH (2020) Vacant lands as refuges for native birds: An opportunity for biodiversity conservation in cities. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening 49:126632

[37] Yankson PWK and Gough KV (2013) The environmental impact of rapid urbanization in the peri-urban area of Accra, Ghana. Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography 99:89-100

[38] Zipperer WC and Pickett ST (2012) Urban ecology: Patterns of population growth and ecological effects. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester