Palabras clave
Gran Chaco
Microspingus
Modelado de Nicho Ecológico
Pleistoceno
Cómo citar
Resumen
El Gran Chaco integra la diagonal Neotropical de formaciones abiertas y es objeto fundamental en hipótesis de conexiones pasadas entre la Selva Atlántica, la Amazonía y las Yungas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar si el Gran Chaco fue escenario de expansión de bosques higrófilos durante las fluctuaciones climáticas del Pleistoceno, que podrían haber conectado la Selva Atlántica y las Yungas en su sector meridional (Selva Tucumano-Boliviana). Para poner a prueba la hipótesis se utilizó como modelo de estudio a un ave endémica chaqueña, la Monterita Cabeza Negra (Microspingus melanoleucus), y se realizaron análisis filogeográficos empleando marcadores nucleares y mitocondriales, así como también modelados de nicho ecológico para el presente y períodos pasados (Último Interglacial, Último Glacial Máximo y Holoceno Medio). Los resultados indicaron un alto flujo génico en toda la distribución del ave, sin que existan linajes restrictos geográficamente. Los modelados de nicho no reflejaron grandes modificaciones en su distribución, aunque para el presente, sugieren ausencia de hábitat a lo largo de una diagonal en sentido noreste-sudoeste, la cual se agudizó en el Holoceno Medio y se atenuó en el Último Glacial Máximo. Estas variaciones se encontrarían relacionadas con cambios microclimáticos dentro del Gran Chaco. Los resultados obtenidos avalan una estabilidad temporal de la ecorregión chaqueña, por lo que se rechaza la hipótesis de expansiones de bosques higrófilos que hayan fragmentado la distribución del ave modelo de estudio.
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