El monitoreo acústico pasivo como herramienta para estudios de diversidad funcional en aves

Facundo X. Palacio; Daniela Zaffignani; Maila Scheffer

doi:10.56178/eh.v41i2.1550

Artículos Publicado 22 octubre 2026 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1550

El monitoreo acústico pasivo como herramienta para estudios de diversidad funcional en aves

detección imperfecta Ligustrum lucidum modelos de ocupación rasgo acústico talares unidad grabadora autónoma

Facundo X. Palacio Sección Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Daniela Zaffignani Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Instituto ‘Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet’ (ILPLA) – UNLP/CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Maila Scheffer Sección Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Resumen

El monitoreo acústico pasivo (MAP) se ha consolidado como una herramienta fundamental para el estudio de la ecología de aves. Sin embargo, aún son escasos los estudios que aplican el MAP en el análisis de diversidad funcional en aves. En este trabajo describimos las ventajas del MAP para estimar la diversidad funcional así como sus limitaciones. Además, revisamos los enfoques disponibles para incorporar la detección en la estimación de métricas funcionales, presentamos una demostración matemática de algunas limitaciones de los métodos actualmente utilizados, y realizamos simulaciones que evalúan el efecto de incluir la probabilidad de ocupación y el proceso verdadero de ocupación como sustitutos de ocurrencia en dichas estimaciones. Utilizamos como estudio de caso un análisis de ensambles de aves obtenidos a partir de un monitoreo acústico intensivo (10 días) en dos tipos de bosque (nativo y exótico). Las simulaciones mostraron que las estimaciones basadas en probabilidades de ocupación recuperan con mayor precisión la diversidad funcional esperada que aquellas basadas en matrices observadas o estados latentes. En el caso empírico, la incorporación de la detección imperfecta modificó las inferencias sobre algunas métricas funcionales, particularmente la regularidad funcional. En conjunto, nuestros resultados resaltan el potencial del MAP para integrar procesos de detección en estudios de diversidad funcional y sugieren que las probabilidades de ocupación constituyen una alternativa robusta para estimar la diversidad funcional en comunidades de aves.

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Facundo X. Palacio, Daniela Zaffignani, Maila Scheffer (2026). El monitoreo acústico pasivo como herramienta para estudios de diversidad funcional en aves. El Hornero, Vol. 41 Núm. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1550

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