El monitoreo acústico pasivo como herramienta para estudios de diversidad funcional en aves

Facundo X. Palacio; Daniela Zaffignani; Maila Scheffer

doi:10.56178/eh.v41i2.1550

Articles Published 22 October 2026 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1550

Passive acoustic monitoring as a tool for studies of functional diversity in birds

acoustic trait autonomous recording unit imperfect detection Ligustrum lucidum occupancy models talares

Facundo X. Palacio Sección Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Daniela Zaffignani Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves, Instituto ‘Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet’ (ILPLA) – UNLP/CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Maila Scheffer Sección Ornitología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Abstract

Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) has become a key tool for studying avian ecology. However, studies applying PAM to functional diversity analyses remain scarce. Here, we describe the advantages of PAM for estimating functional diversity, as well as its limitations. We also review available approaches for incorporating imperfect detection into the estimation of functional diversity metrics, present a mathematical demonstration highlighting some limitations of currently used methods, and conduct simulations to evaluate the effects of using occupancy probabilities and true occupancy states as proxies for species occurrence in these estimations. As a case study, we analyzed bird assemblages obtained from an intensive acoustic monitoring survey (10 consecutive days) conducted in two forest types (native and exotic). Simulations showed that estimates based on occupancy probabilities more accurately recovered expected functional diversity than those based on observed matrices or latent occupancy states. In the empirical case study, accounting for imperfect detection altered inferences for some functional diversity metrics, particularly functional regularity. Overall, our results highlight the potential of PAM to explicitly integrate detection processes into functional diversity studies and suggest that occupancy probabilities provide a robust alternative for estimating functional diversity in bird communities.

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Facundo X. Palacio, Daniela Zaffignani, Maila Scheffer (2026). Passive acoustic monitoring as a tool for studies of functional diversity in birds. El Hornero, Vol. 41 No. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1550

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