Emplumando dinosaurios: la transición evolutiva de terópodos a aves

Luis M. Chiappe; Alexander Vargas

doi:10.56178/eh.v18i1.855

Points of View Published 01 August 2003 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v18i1.855

Feathering dinosaurs: the transition from theropods to birds

Luis M. Chiappe Department of Vertebrate Paleontology, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90007, EEUU

Alexander Vargas Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile. Independencia 1027, Casilla 70079, Santiago 7, Santiago, Chile | Sección Paleontología, Museo Nacional de Historia Natural. Casilla 787, Santiago, Chile

Abstract

Since the beginning of evolutionary thinking, the origin of birds has constituted one of the most debated problems in evolutionary biology. Today, a large body of evidence indicates that such a problem is to a great extent solved. Osteological, oological, ethological, and integumentary evidence strongly supports the hypothesis that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs, in particular from dinosaurs classified within Maniraptora. Todays handful of researchers opposing this hypothesis have either based their criticisms on mistaken observations or they have framed them within dated methodologies. This paper provides a brief discussion of both the evidence in support to this hypothesis and the main arguments against it.

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References

WITMER LM (1991) Perspectives on avian origins. Pp. 427–466 en: SCHULTZE H-P Y TRUEB L (eds) Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: controversy and consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
WITMER LM (2002) The debate on avian ancestry: phylogeny, function, and fossils. Pp. 3–30 en: CHIAPPE LM Y WITMER LM (eds) Mesozoic birds: above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley
PADIAN K Y CHIAPPE LM (1998) The origin and early evolution of birds. Biological Reviews 73:1–42
CHIAPPE LM (2001) The rise of birds. Pp. 102–106 en: BRIGGS DEC Y CROWTHER PR (eds.) Paleobiology II. Blackwell Science, Oxford
GAUTHIER JA Y GALL LF (2001) New perspectives on the origin and early evolution of birds: proceedings of the international symposium in honor of John H. Ostrom. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven
CHIAPPE LM Y WITMER LM (2002) Mesozoic birds: above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley
CHIAPPE LM Y DYKE G (2002) The mesozoic radiation of birds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:91–124
NOVAS FE Y PUERTA P (1997) New evidence concerning avian origins from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 387:390–392
HOLTZ TR JR (1998) A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs. Gaia 15:5–61
SERENO PC (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284:2137–2147
CLARK JM, NORELL MA Y MAKOVICKY PJ (2002) Cladistic approaches to bird origins. Pp. 31–61 en: CHIAPPE LM Y WITMER LM (eds) Mesozoic birds: above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley
MIKHAILOV KE (1997) Fossil and recent eggshell in amniotic vertebrates: fine structure, comparative morphology and classification. Special Papers in Palaeontology 56:1–80
CARPENTER K (1999) Eggs, nests, and baby dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
NORELL MA, CLARK JM, DASHZEVEG D, BARSBOLD R Y CHIAPPE LM (1994) A theropod dinosaur embryo, and the affinities of the flaming cliffs dinosaur eggs. Science 266:779–782
CLARK JM, NORELL MA Y CHIAPPE LM (1999) An oviraptorid skeleton from the Late Cretaceous of Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia, preserved in an avian-like brooding position over an oviraptorid nest. American Museum Novitates 3265:1–36
VARRICCHIO DJ, HORNER JR Y JACKSON FD (2002) Embryos and eggs for the Cretaceous theropod Troodon formosus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:564–576
GRELLET-TINNER G Y CHIAPPE LM (en prensa) Dinosaur eggs and nesting: implications for understanding the origin of birds. En: BAKKER RT Y CURRIE PJ (eds) Symposium on the origin of birds. Indiana University Press, Bloomington
CLARK JM, NORELL MA Y BARSBOLD R (2001) Two new oviraptorids (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:209–213
OSBORN HF (1924) Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 144:1–12
NORELL MA, CLARK JM, CHIAPPE LM Y DASHZEVEG D (1995) A nesting dinosaur. Nature 378:774–776
VARRICCHIO DJ, JACKSON F, BORKOWSKI J Y HORNER JR (1997) Nest and egg clutches of the dinosaur Troodon formosus and the evolution of avian reproductive traits. Nature 385:247–250
ZHOU Z, BARRETT PM Y HILTON J (2003) An exceptional preserved Lower Cretaceous ecosystem. Nature 421:807–814
PADIAN K, DE RICQLÈS AJ Y HORNER JR (2001) Dinosaurian growth rates and bird origins. Nature 412:405–408
CHEN PJ, DONG Z-M Y ZHEN S-N (1998) An exceptionally well-preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature 391:147–152
XU X, WANG X Y WU X (1999) A dromaeosaur dinosaur with filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature 401:262–266
JI Q, CURRIE P, NORELL MA Y JI S-A (1998) Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393:753–761
ZHOU Z Y WANG X (2000) A new species of Caudipteryx from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, northeast China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 38:111–127
XU X, ZHOU Z Y WANG X (2000) The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. Nature 408:705–708
XU X, ZHOU Z, WANG X, KUANG X, ZHANG F Y DU X (2003) Four-winged dinosaurs from China. Nature 421:335–340
NORELL MA, CLARK JM Y MAKOVICKY PJ (2001) Phylogenetic relationships among coelurosaurian theropods. Pp. 49–68 en: GAUTHIER JA Y GALL LF (eds) New perspectives on the origin and early evolution of birds: proceedings of the international symposium in honor of John H. Ostrom. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven
FEDUCCIA A Y TORDOFF HB (1979) Feathers of Archaeopteryx: asymmetric vanes indicate aerodynamic function. Science 203:1021–1022
FEDUCCIA A (1996) The origin and evolution of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven
JENSEN JA Y PADIAN K (1989) Small pterosaurs and dinosaurs from the Uncompahgre fauna (Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation: ?Tithonian), Late Jurassic, Western Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 63:364–373
XU X, ZHAO Z Y CLARK JM (2001) A new therizinosaur from the Lower Jurassic lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:477–483
FEDUCCIA A Y NOWICKI J (2002) The hand of birds revealed by early ostrich embryos. Naturwissenschaften 89:391–393
LARSSON HC Y WAGNER GP (2002) Pentadactyl ground state of the avian wing. Journal of Experimental Zoology 294:146–151
BURKE AC Y FEDUCCIA A (1997) Developmental patterns and the identification of homologies in the avian hand. Science 278:666–668
FEDUCCIA A (1999) The origin and evolution of birds. Second edition. Yale University Press, New Haven
OSTROM JH (1976) Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 8:91–182
WAGNER GP Y GAUTHIER JA (1999) 1, 2, 3 = 2, 3, 4: a solution to the problem of homology of the digits of the avian hand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96:5111–5116
SHAPIRO MD (2002) Developmental morphology of limb reduction in Hemiergis (Squamata: Scincidae): chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and heterochrony. Journal of Morphology 254:211–231
DAHN RD Y FALLON JF (2000) Interdigital regulation of digit identity and homeotic transformation by modulated BMP signaling. Science 289:438–441
GALIS F, KUNDRÁT M Y SINERVO B (2003) An old controversy solved: bird embryos have five fingers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18:7–9
WAGNER GP Y MISOF Y (1993) How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways? Journal of Evolutionary Biology 6:449–455
MABEE PM (2000) The usefulness of ontogeny in interpreting morphological characters. Pp. 84–114 en: WIENS JJ (ed) Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC
RUBEN JA, JONES TD, GEIST NR Y HILLENIUS WJ (1997) Lung structure and ventilation in theropod dinosaurs and early birds. Science 278:1267–1270
CURRIE PJ Y CHEN P-J (2001) Anatomy of Sinosauropteryx prima from Liaoning, northeastern China. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 38:1705–1727

How to cite

Luis M. Chiappe, Alexander Vargas (2003). Feathering dinosaurs: the transition from theropods to birds. El Hornero, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2003), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v18i1.855

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[1] WITMER LM (1991) Perspectives on avian origins. Pp. 427–466 en: SCHULTZE H-P Y TRUEB L (eds) Origins of the higher groups of tetrapods: controversy and consensus. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

[2] WITMER LM (2002) The debate on avian ancestry: phylogeny, function, and fossils. Pp. 3–30 en: CHIAPPE LM Y WITMER LM (eds) Mesozoic birds: above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley

[3] PADIAN K Y CHIAPPE LM (1998) The origin and early evolution of birds. Biological Reviews 73:1–42

[4] CHIAPPE LM (2001) The rise of birds. Pp. 102–106 en: BRIGGS DEC Y CROWTHER PR (eds.) Paleobiology II. Blackwell Science, Oxford

[5] GAUTHIER JA Y GALL LF (2001) New perspectives on the origin and early evolution of birds: proceedings of the international symposium in honor of John H. Ostrom. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven

[6] CHIAPPE LM Y WITMER LM (2002) Mesozoic birds: above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley

[7] CHIAPPE LM Y DYKE G (2002) The mesozoic radiation of birds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 33:91–124

[8] NOVAS FE Y PUERTA P (1997) New evidence concerning avian origins from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia. Nature 387:390–392

[9] HOLTZ TR JR (1998) A new phylogeny of the carnivorous dinosaurs. Gaia 15:5–61

[10] SERENO PC (1999) The evolution of dinosaurs. Science 284:2137–2147

[11] CLARK JM, NORELL MA Y MAKOVICKY PJ (2002) Cladistic approaches to bird origins. Pp. 31–61 en: CHIAPPE LM Y WITMER LM (eds) Mesozoic birds: above the heads of dinosaurs. University of California Press, Berkeley

[12] MIKHAILOV KE (1997) Fossil and recent eggshell in amniotic vertebrates: fine structure, comparative morphology and classification. Special Papers in Palaeontology 56:1–80

[13] CARPENTER K (1999) Eggs, nests, and baby dinosaurs. Indiana University Press, Bloomington

[14] NORELL MA, CLARK JM, DASHZEVEG D, BARSBOLD R Y CHIAPPE LM (1994) A theropod dinosaur embryo, and the affinities of the flaming cliffs dinosaur eggs. Science 266:779–782

[15] CLARK JM, NORELL MA Y CHIAPPE LM (1999) An oviraptorid skeleton from the Late Cretaceous of Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia, preserved in an avian-like brooding position over an oviraptorid nest. American Museum Novitates 3265:1–36

[16] VARRICCHIO DJ, HORNER JR Y JACKSON FD (2002) Embryos and eggs for the Cretaceous theropod Troodon formosus. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 22:564–576

[17] GRELLET-TINNER G Y CHIAPPE LM (en prensa) Dinosaur eggs and nesting: implications for understanding the origin of birds. En: BAKKER RT Y CURRIE PJ (eds) Symposium on the origin of birds. Indiana University Press, Bloomington

[18] CLARK JM, NORELL MA Y BARSBOLD R (2001) Two new oviraptorids (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria), Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation, Ukhaa Tolgod, Mongolia. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:209–213

[19] OSBORN HF (1924) Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia. American Museum Novitates 144:1–12

[20] NORELL MA, CLARK JM, CHIAPPE LM Y DASHZEVEG D (1995) A nesting dinosaur. Nature 378:774–776

[21] VARRICCHIO DJ, JACKSON F, BORKOWSKI J Y HORNER JR (1997) Nest and egg clutches of the dinosaur Troodon formosus and the evolution of avian reproductive traits. Nature 385:247–250

[22] ZHOU Z, BARRETT PM Y HILTON J (2003) An exceptional preserved Lower Cretaceous ecosystem. Nature 421:807–814

[23] PADIAN K, DE RICQLÈS AJ Y HORNER JR (2001) Dinosaurian growth rates and bird origins. Nature 412:405–408

[24] CHEN PJ, DONG Z-M Y ZHEN S-N (1998) An exceptionally well-preserved theropod dinosaur from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature 391:147–152

[25] XU X, WANG X Y WU X (1999) A dromaeosaur dinosaur with filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China. Nature 401:262–266

[26] JI Q, CURRIE P, NORELL MA Y JI S-A (1998) Two feathered dinosaurs from northeastern China. Nature 393:753–761

[27] ZHOU Z Y WANG X (2000) A new species of Caudipteryx from the Yixian Formation of Liaoning, northeast China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 38:111–127

[28] XU X, ZHOU Z Y WANG X (2000) The smallest known non-avian theropod dinosaur. Nature 408:705–708

[29] XU X, ZHOU Z, WANG X, KUANG X, ZHANG F Y DU X (2003) Four-winged dinosaurs from China. Nature 421:335–340

[30] NORELL MA, CLARK JM Y MAKOVICKY PJ (2001) Phylogenetic relationships among coelurosaurian theropods. Pp. 49–68 en: GAUTHIER JA Y GALL LF (eds) New perspectives on the origin and early evolution of birds: proceedings of the international symposium in honor of John H. Ostrom. Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven

[31] FEDUCCIA A Y TORDOFF HB (1979) Feathers of Archaeopteryx: asymmetric vanes indicate aerodynamic function. Science 203:1021–1022

[32] FEDUCCIA A (1996) The origin and evolution of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven

[33] JENSEN JA Y PADIAN K (1989) Small pterosaurs and dinosaurs from the Uncompahgre fauna (Brushy Basin Member, Morrison Formation: ?Tithonian), Late Jurassic, Western Colorado. Journal of Paleontology 63:364–373

[34] XU X, ZHAO Z Y CLARK JM (2001) A new therizinosaur from the Lower Jurassic lower Lufeng Formation of Yunnan, China. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 21:477–483

[35] FEDUCCIA A Y NOWICKI J (2002) The hand of birds revealed by early ostrich embryos. Naturwissenschaften 89:391–393

[36] LARSSON HC Y WAGNER GP (2002) Pentadactyl ground state of the avian wing. Journal of Experimental Zoology 294:146–151

[37] BURKE AC Y FEDUCCIA A (1997) Developmental patterns and the identification of homologies in the avian hand. Science 278:666–668

[38] FEDUCCIA A (1999) The origin and evolution of birds. Second edition. Yale University Press, New Haven

[39] OSTROM JH (1976) Archaeopteryx and the origin of birds. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 8:91–182

[40] WAGNER GP Y GAUTHIER JA (1999) 1, 2, 3 = 2, 3, 4: a solution to the problem of homology of the digits of the avian hand. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96:5111–5116

[41] SHAPIRO MD (2002) Developmental morphology of limb reduction in Hemiergis (Squamata: Scincidae): chondrogenesis, osteogenesis, and heterochrony. Journal of Morphology 254:211–231

[42] DAHN RD Y FALLON JF (2000) Interdigital regulation of digit identity and homeotic transformation by modulated BMP signaling. Science 289:438–441

[43] GALIS F, KUNDRÁT M Y SINERVO B (2003) An old controversy solved: bird embryos have five fingers. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18:7–9

[44] WAGNER GP Y MISOF Y (1993) How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways? Journal of Evolutionary Biology 6:449–455

[45] MABEE PM (2000) The usefulness of ontogeny in interpreting morphological characters. Pp. 84–114 en: WIENS JJ (ed) Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington DC

[46] RUBEN JA, JONES TD, GEIST NR Y HILLENIUS WJ (1997) Lung structure and ventilation in theropod dinosaurs and early birds. Science 278:1267–1270

[47] CURRIE PJ Y CHEN P-J (2001) Anatomy of Sinosauropteryx prima from Liaoning, northeastern China. Canadian Journal of Earth Science 38:1705–1727