Comportamiento territorial de la Calandrita (Stigmatura budytoides) en la porción central del desierto del Monte

M. Cecilia Sagario; Carolina Guerra Navarro; Javier Lopez de Casenave; Victor R. Cueto

doi:10.56178/eh.v41i2.1542

Articles Published 23 September 2026 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1542

Territorial behavior of the Greater Wagtail-Tyrant (Stigmatura budytoides) in the central portion of the Monte desert

life-history traits South America territorial stability territories Tyrannidae

M. Cecilia Sagario Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Comunidades de Desierto (ECODES). Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET). Piso 4, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA. Buenos Aires, Argentina | Grupo de Ecología Terrestre de Neuquén. Sede Junín de los Andes del Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue - CONICET). Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Neuquén. Ruta Provincial 61 km 3, San Cabao, CP8371. Junín de los Andes, Neuquén, Argentina

Carolina Guerra Navarro Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Comunidades de Desierto (ECODES). Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET). Piso 4, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA. Buenos Aires, Argentina | Facultad de Turismo y Urbanismo, Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Av. del Libertador S/N, Barranca Colorada, CP5881. Villa de Merlo, San Luis, Argentina

Javier Lopez de Casenave Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Comunidades de Desierto (ECODES). Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET). Piso 4, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA. Buenos Aires, Argentina

Victor R. Cueto Grupo de Investigación en Ecología de Comunidades de Desierto (ECODES). Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e IEGEBA (UBA-CONICET). Piso 4, Pabellón 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA. Buenos Aires, Argentina | Laboratorio de Ecología de Aves. Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica (CIEMEP, CONICET y Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco). Gral. Roca 780, U9200. Esquel, Chubut, Argentina

Abstract

Studying bird territories provides insight into their requirements and the limitation of their populations. We monitored Greater Wagtail-Tyrants (Stigmatura budytoides) in the central Monte over five years, where a small proportion of the population established territories that saturated the study plot. Individuals maintained their territories throughout the year, often in consecutive years, and selected high perches in Algarrobo trees (Neltuma flexuosa) for their defense. The average territory size was 1.4 ha, and territories were larger with greater overlap during the non-breeding season. Pairs remained together throughout the year and both members defended the territory. In several seasons both members developed brood patches, indicating that males might be incubating. We observed juveniles singing within their parents’ territory. Although we obtained information from few individuals, the territorial patterns (stable territories, strong pair bonds, retention of juveniles in the territory), together with previous evidence (small clutch size, low reproductive success, high longevity, prolonged parental care), suggest that the Greater Wagtail-Tyrant has life-history traits shared with tropical birds and contrast with those of temperate-climate birds of the Northern Hemisphere.

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References

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Diniz P, Rech GS, Ribeiro PHL, Webster MS, Macedo RH (2020) Partners coordinate territorial defense against simulated intruders in a duetting ovenbird. Ecology and Evolution 10(1):81-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5821
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Maguire G (2006) Territory quality, survival, and reproductive success in Southern Emu-Wrens Stipiturus malachurus. Journal of Avian Biology 37(6):579-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03757.x
Manly BFJ, McDonald LL, Thomas DL, McDonald TL, Erickson WP (2002) Resource selection by animals. Statistical design and analysis for field studies. 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht
Marone L, Jaksic FM (2025) The roles of natural history during ecological research. Ecología Austral 35(1):43-52. https://doi.org/10.25260/ea.25.35.1.0.2482
Martin TE (1996) Life history evolution in tropical and south temperate birds: what do we really know? Journal of Avian Biology 27(4):263-272. https://doi.org/10.2307/3677257
Martin TE (2004) Avian life-history evolution has an eminent past: does it have a bright future? Auk 121(2):289-301. https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0289:ALEHAE]2.0.CO;2
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How to cite

M. Cecilia Sagario, Carolina Guerra Navarro, Javier Lopez de Casenave, Victor R. Cueto (2026). Territorial behavior of the Greater Wagtail-Tyrant (Stigmatura budytoides) in the central portion of the Monte desert. El Hornero, Vol. 41 No. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1542

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[1] Adams ES (2001) Approaches to the study of territory size and shape. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 32(1):277-303. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.32.081501.114034

[2] Anderson JGT (2017) Why ecology needs natural history. American Scientist 105(5):290-297. https://doi.org/10.1511/2017.105.5.290

[3] Beier C, Repenning M, Pereira MS, Pereira A, Fontana CS (2017) Cooperative breeding and demography of Yellow Cardinal Gubernatrix cristata in Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitología 25(1):12-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03544371

[4] Blendinger PG (1999) Facilitation of sap-feeding birds by the White-fronted Woodpecker in the Monte desert, Argentina. Condor 101(2):402-407. https://doi.org/10.2307/1370005

[5] Bolstad P (2016) GIS fundamentals: a first text on geographic information system. 5th Edition. XanEdu Publishing, Acton

[6] Brown JL (1969) Territorial behavior and population regulation in birds: a review and re-evaluation. Wilson Bulletin 81(3):293-329

[7] Calenge C (2006) The package ‘adehabitat’ for the R software: a tool for the analysis of space and habitat use by animals. Ecological Modelling 197(3-4):516-519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.03.017

[8] Catchpole CK, Slater PJB (1995) Bird songs: biological themes and variations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

[9] Chan K (2001) Partial migration in Australian landbirds: a review. Emu 101(4):281-292. https://doi.org/10.1071/mu00034

[10] Chiarani E, Fontana CS (2015) Breeding biology of the Lesser Grass-Finch (Emberizoides ypiranganus) in southern Brazilian upland grasslands. Wilson Journal of Ornithology 127(3):441-456. https://doi.org/10.1676/14-137.1

[11] Colombo MA (2022) Biología reproductiva de la Cachirla Pálida (Aves: Motacillidae) en pastizales del noreste de la provincia de Buenos Aires con uso ganadero extensivo. PhD Thesis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata

[12] Cueto VR, Sagario MC, Zarco A, Lopez de Casenave J (2025) Longevity records for bird species from the central Monte desert, Argentina. Emu 125(1):88-92. https://doi.org/10.1080/01584197.2024.2408549

[13] Diaz IA, Armesto JJ, Willson MF (2006) Mating success of the endemic Des Murs’ Wiretail (Sylviorthorhynchus desmursii, Furnariidae) in fragmented Chilean rainforests. Austral Ecology 31(1):13-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01538.x

[14] Di Giacomo AS, Di Giacomo AG, Reboreda JC (2011) Male and female reproductive success in a threatened polygynous species: the Strange-tailed Tyrant, Alectrurus risora. Condor 113(3):619-628. https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2011.100067

[15] Diniz P, Rech GS, Ribeiro PHL, Webster MS, Macedo RH (2020) Partners coordinate territorial defense against simulated intruders in a duetting ovenbird. Ecology and Evolution 10(1):81-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5821

[16] Farnsworth A, Langham G (2020) White-headed Marsh Tyrant (Arundinicola leucocephala), version 1.0. In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, de Juana E (eds) Birds of the world. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whmtyr1.01

[17] Fitzpatrick JW (2020) Greater Wagtail-Tyrant (Stigmatura budytoides), version 1.0. In: del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, de Juana E (eds). Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, EUA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.grwtyr1.01

[18] Fraga RM (1980) The breeding of Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus). Condor 82(1):58-68. https://doi.org/10.2307/1366785

[19] Fraga RM, Salvador SA (2013) Conducta y biología reproductiva de la Tacuarita azul (Polioptila dumicola) en un área pampeana y otra del Espinal, Argentina. Historia Natural 3(2):37-50

[20] França LF, de Oliveira e Silva CC, de Pinho JB, Prestes NP, Cueto VR, Alves MAS, Schunk F, Fontana CS, Lugarini C, Martinez J, Sagario MC, Lopez de Casenave J, Vecchi MB, Repenning M, Ferreira A, Dias RI, Passos DC (2023) Similar regional-scale survival of tropical and southern temperate birds from the New World. Oecologia 202(2):239-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-023-05381-2

[21] Flockhart DTT, Mitchell GW, Krikun RG, Bayne EM (2016) Factors driving territory size and breeding success in a threatened migratory songbird, the Canada Warbler. Avian Conservation and Ecology 11(2):art4. https://doi.org/10.5751/ACE-00876-110204

[22] Genise JF, Straneck RJ, Hazeldine PL (1993) Sapsucking in the White-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes cactorum. Ornitología Neotropical 4(2):77-82

[23] Golabek KA, Ridley AR, Radford AN (2012) Food availability affects strength of seasonal territorial behaviour in a cooperatively breeding bird. Animal Behaviour 83(3):613-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.034

[24] Guerra Navarro C, Cueto VR (2024) Effects of prey abundance and foliage structure in plant selection by insectivorous birds in the central Monte desert. bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2024.12.11.627985

[25] Højsgaard S, Halekoh U, Yan J (2006) The R package geepack for Generalized Estimating Equations. Journal of Statistical Software 15(2):1-11. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v015.i02

[26] Lacoretz MV, Sagario MC, Cueto VR (2012) Habitat selection by the Pale-breasted Spinetail (Synallaxis albescens) at multiple spatial scales in the central Monte Desert, Argentina. Emu 112(2):162-166. https://doi.org/10.1071/mu11067

[27] Lees AC, Rosenberg KV, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Marsden S, Schulenberg TS, Rodewald AD (2020) A roadmap to identifying and filling shortfalls in Neotropical ornithology. Auk 137(4):ukaa048. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/ukaa048

[28] Lovette IJ, Fitzpatrick JW (2016) Handbook of bird biology. 3rd edition. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester

[29] Lopez de Casenave J (2001) Estructura gremial y organización de un ensamble de aves del desierto del Monte. PhD Thesis, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires

[30] Maguire G (2006) Territory quality, survival, and reproductive success in Southern Emu-Wrens Stipiturus malachurus. Journal of Avian Biology 37(6):579-593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0908-8857.03757.x

[31] Manly BFJ, McDonald LL, Thomas DL, McDonald TL, Erickson WP (2002) Resource selection by animals. Statistical design and analysis for field studies. 2nd edition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht

[32] Marone L, Jaksic FM (2025) The roles of natural history during ecological research. Ecología Austral 35(1):43-52. https://doi.org/10.25260/ea.25.35.1.0.2482

[33] Martin TE (1996) Life history evolution in tropical and south temperate birds: what do we really know? Journal of Avian Biology 27(4):263-272. https://doi.org/10.2307/3677257

[34] Martin TE (2004) Avian life-history evolution has an eminent past: does it have a bright future? Auk 121(2):289-301. https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2004)121[0289:ALEHAE]2.0.CO;2

[35] Mentesana L, Amador A, Amorim P, Delhey K, Diniz P, Fraga R, Mindlin GB, Reboreda JC, Schaaf A, Tassino B, Adreani NM (2024) Biology of the Rufous Hornero, from mechanisms to behavioral ecology: a potential Neotropical model species? Journal of Field Ornithology 95(4):art2. https://doi.org/10.5751/JFO-00544-950402

[36] Mezquida ET (2002) Nidificación de ocho especies de Tyrannidae en la Reserva de Ñacuñán, Mendoza, Argentina. Hornero 17(1):31-40. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v17i1.887

[37] Mezquida ET, Marone L (2000) Breeding biology of Gray-crowned Tyrannulet in the Monte desert, Argentina. Condor 102(1):205-210. https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.205

[38] Mezquida ET, Marone L (2001) Factors affecting nesting success of a bird assembly in the central Monte Desert, Argentina. Journal of Avian Biology 32(4):287-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0908-8857.2001.320401.x

[39] Mohr CO (1947) Table of equivalent populations of North American small mammals. American Midland Naturalist 37(1):223-249

[40] Nanglu K, de Carle D, Cullen TM, Anderson EB, Arif S, Castañeda RA, Chang LM, Iwama RE, Fellin E, Manglicmot RC, Massey MD, Astudillo-Clavijo V (2023) The nature of science: the fundamental role of natural history in ecology, evolution, conservation, and education. Ecology and Evolution 13(10):e10621

[41] Newton I (1998) Population limitation in birds. Academic Press, London

[42] Presti PM (2019) Demografía y selección de hábitat del Fío-fío Silbón (Elaenia albiceps chilensis), un ave migratoria en Patagonia. PhD Thesis, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche

[43] Pyle P (1997) Identification guide to North American birds. Part I. Slate Creek Press, Bolinas

[44] Pyle P, Engilis A Jr, Kelt DA (2015) Manual for ageing and sexing landbirds of Bosque Fray Jorge National Park and North-Central Chile, with notes on occurrence and breeding seasonality. Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge

[45] QGIS Development Team (2023) QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project

[46] R Core Team (2025) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. [URL: https://www.R-project.org/]

[47] Ralph CL, Geupel GR, Pyle P, Martin TE, DeSante DF, Mila B (1995) Manual de métodos de campo para el monitoreo de aves terrestres. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-159, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, Albany

[48] Rosoni JRR, Carlos CJ, Fontana CS (2024) Territoriality, breeding philopatry, and nest site selection of Chestnut Seedeater (Sporophila cinnamomea) in grasslands of southern Brazil. Journal of Field Ornithology 95(3):art6. https://doi.org/10.5751/JFO-00522-950306

[49] Sagario MC, Cueto VR (2014a) Seasonal space use and territory size of resident sparrows in the Central Monte Desert, Argentina. Ardeola 61(1):153-159. https://doi.org/10.13157/arla.61.1.2014.153

[50] Sagario MC, Cueto VR (2014b) Breeding territory stability of resident sparrows in the central Monte desert, Argentina. Ornitología Neotropical 25(1):113-118

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[52] Sagario MC, Cueto VR (2021) Importance of Algarrobo trees Prosopis flexuosa for territory establishment of three seed-eating passerine species in the central Monte desert. Ardea 109(3):251-257. https://doi.org/10.5253/arde.v109i3.a6

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