Palabras clave
aprendizaje vocal
Chingolo
dialectos de canto
regiolectos
variación vocal
Cómo citar
Resumen
La subespecie patagónica del Chingolo (Zonotrichia capensis australis) es la más diferenciada morfológicamente, careciendo de líneas negras en su corona. Estudios en el noreste de Patagonia mostraron que los cantos carecen de trino e incluyen un pretema, pero recientemente mostramos que esto no ocurre en el sudeste patagónico. Para estudiar la variación vocal en el este de Patagonia, grabamos y analizamos los cantos de alrededor de 500 Chingolos desde Santa Rosa (provincia de La Pampa) hasta el Parque Nacional Monte León (provincia de Santa Cruz). Detectamos tres regiolectos. El regiolecto del Espinal es reemplazado hacia el sur, en Sierra Grande (provincia de Río Negro) y entre Punta Colorada y Puerto Lobos (provincia de Chubut), por una estructura atípica, frecuentemente incluyendo un pretema y sin trino. Este regiolecto del noreste de Patagonia se extiende hasta 100 km al sur de Trelew (provincia de Chubut), donde es reemplazado por el regiolecto del sudeste de Patagonia, con su estructura más típica y diferentes tipos de trino. Los análisis de componentes principales mostraron que el regiolecto del noreste de Patagonia se diferencia también en el tema y que los regiolectos del Espinal y sudeste de Patagonia difieren en sus trinos. Esta variación vocal está desacoplada de la transición entre las coronas con líneas negras y las coronas grises características de Z. c. australis. Posibles factores responsables de esta variación vocal, y especialmente de los cantos sin trino, incluyen procesos estocásticos, sesgos en el aprendizaje, la adaptación a la acústica ambiental y, más probablemente, diferencias migratorias.
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