Revelando un patrón complejo de variación del canto en Zonotrichia capensis australis en el este de Patagonia

Agustin I. Casale; Victoria Blanco; Pablo D. Lavinia; Darío A. Lijtmaer; Pablo L. Tubaro

doi:10.56178/eh.v41i2.1544

Artículos Publicado 24 septiembre 2026 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1544

Revelando un patrón complejo de variación del canto en Zonotrichia capensis australis en el este de Patagonia

adaptación acústica aprendizaje vocal Chingolo dialectos de canto regiolectos variación vocal

Agustin I. Casale División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ (MACN-CONICET). Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405 CABA, Argentina | Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Victoria Blanco División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ (MACN-CONICET). Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405 CABA, Argentina | Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Pablo D. Lavinia Laboratorio de Investigación y Conservación de la Biodiversidad (InCoBIO), Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Sede Atlántica. Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina | CIT Río Negro, Universidad Nacional de Río Negro (UNRN-CONICET), Sede Atlántica. Viedma, Río Negro, Argentina

Darío A. Lijtmaer División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ (MACN-CONICET). Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405 CABA, Argentina

Pablo L. Tubaro División Ornitología, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘Bernardino Rivadavia’ (MACN-CONICET). Av. Ángel Gallardo 470, 1405 CABA, Argentina

Resumen

La subespecie patagónica del Chingolo (Zonotrichia capensis australis) es la más diferenciada morfológicamente, careciendo de líneas negras en su corona. Estudios en el noreste de Patagonia mostraron que los cantos carecen de trino e incluyen un pretema, pero recientemente mostramos que esto no ocurre en el sudeste patagónico. Para estudiar la variación vocal en el este de Patagonia, grabamos y analizamos los cantos de alrededor de 500 Chingolos desde Santa Rosa (provincia de La Pampa) hasta el Parque Nacional Monte León (provincia de Santa Cruz). Detectamos tres regiolectos. El regiolecto del Espinal es reemplazado hacia el sur, en Sierra Grande (provincia de Río Negro) y entre Punta Colorada y Puerto Lobos (provincia de Chubut), por una estructura atípica, frecuentemente incluyendo un pretema y sin trino. Este regiolecto del noreste de Patagonia se extiende hasta 100 km al sur de Trelew (provincia de Chubut), donde es reemplazado por el regiolecto del sudeste de Patagonia, con su estructura más típica y diferentes tipos de trino. Los análisis de componentes principales mostraron que el regiolecto del noreste de Patagonia se diferencia también en el tema y que los regiolectos del Espinal y sudeste de Patagonia difieren en sus trinos. Esta variación vocal está desacoplada de la transición entre las coronas con líneas negras y las coronas grises características de Z. c. australis. Posibles factores responsables de esta variación vocal, y especialmente de los cantos sin trino, incluyen procesos estocásticos, sesgos en el aprendizaje, la adaptación a la acústica ambiental y, más probablemente, diferencias migratorias.

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Referencias

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Cómo citar

Agustin I. Casale, Victoria Blanco, Pablo D. Lavinia, Darío A. Lijtmaer, Pablo L. Tubaro (2026). Revelando un patrón complejo de variación del canto en Zonotrichia capensis australis en el este de Patagonia. El Hornero, Vol. 41 Núm. 2 (2026). https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v41i2.1544

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[1] Baker AJ, Jenkins PF (1987) Founder effect and cultural evolution of songs in an isolated population of chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs, in the Chatham Islands. Animal Behaviour 35(6):1793-1803. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-3472(87)80072-6

[2] Baker MC (1975) Song dialects and genetic differences in white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys). Evolution 29(2):226-241. https://doi.org/10.2307/2407210

[3] Baptista LF (1977) Geographic variation in song and dialects of the Puget Sound White-crowned Sparrow. Condor 79(3):356-370. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368014

[4] Barker NK (2008) Bird song structure and transmission in the Neotropics: trends, methods and future directions. Ornitología Neotropical 19(2):175-199. [URL: https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/ornitologia_neotropical/vol19/iss2/2]

[5] Blumstein DT, Turner AC (2005) Can the acoustic adaptation hypothesis predict the structure of Australian birdsong? Acta Ethologica 8(1):35-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10211-005-0107-7

[6] Boncoraglio G, Saino N (2007) Habitat structure and the evolution of bird song: a meta-analysis of the evidence for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis. Functional Ecology 21(1):134-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01207.x

[7] Brown TJ, Handford P (1996) Acoustic signal amplitude patterns: A computer simulation investigation of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis. Condor 98(3):608-623. https://doi.org/10.2307/1369573

[8] Brown TJ, Handford P (2000) Sound design for vocalizations: Quality in the woods, consistency in the fields. Condor 102(1):81-92. https://doi.org/10.1093/condor/102.1.81

[9] Campagna L, Kopuchian C, Tubaro PL, Lougheed SC (2014) Secondary contact followed by gene flow between divergent mitochondrial lineages of a widespread Neotropical songbird (Zonotrichia capensis). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 111(4):863-868. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12272

[10] Cardoso GC (2013) Using frequency ratios to study vocal communication. Animal Behaviour 85(6):1529-1532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2013.03.044

[11] Chapman FM (1940) Post-glacial history of Zonotrichia capensis. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 77:381-438

[12] Danner JE, Fleischer RC, Danner RM, Moore IT (2017) Genetic population structure in an equatorial sparrow: roles for culture and geography. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 30(6):1078-1093. https://doi.org/10.1111/jeb.13065

[13] Dooling RJ, Blumenrath SH (2013) Avian sound perception in noise. In: Brumm H (eds) Animal communication and noise. Animal Signals and Communication, vol 2. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Pp. 229-250. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41494-7_8

[14] Ey E, Fischer J (2009) The ‘acoustic adaptation hypothesis’—a review of the evidence from birds, anurans and mammals. Bioacoustics 19(1-2):21-48. https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2009.9753613

[15] Fracas PA, Rojas Ripari JM, Mahler B, Dominguez M (2023) Yellow Cardinal (Gubernatrix cristata) males respond more strongly to local than to foreign dialects. Ibis 165(4):1318-1330. https://doi.org/10.1111/ibi.13206

[16] Francis CD, Phillips JN, Barber JR (2023) Background acoustics in terrestrial ecology. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 54(1):351-373. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-102220-030316

[17] García NC, Arrieta RS, Kopuchian C, Tubaro PL (2015) Stability and change through time in the dialects of a neotropical songbird, the Rufous‑collared Sparrow. Emu – Austral Ornithology 115(4):309-316. https://doi.org/10.1071/MU14099

[18] Handford P (1981) Vegetational correlates of variation in the song of Zonotrichia capensis. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 8(3):203-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00299831

[19] Handford P (1985) Morphological relationships among subspecies of the rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63(10):2383-2388. https://doi.org/10.1139/z85-352

[20] Handford P (1988) Trill rate dialects in the rufous‑collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis, in northwestern Argentina. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(12):2658-2670. https://doi.org/10.1139/z88-391

[21] Handford P (2005) Latin accents: Song dialects of a South American sparrow. Birding 37:510-519

[22] Handford P, Nottebohm F (1976) Allozymic and morphological variation in population samples of rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis, in relation to vocal dialects. Evolution 30(4):802-817. https://doi.org/10.2307/2407819

[23] Handford P, Lougheed SC (1991) Variation in duration and frequency characters in the song of the rufous-collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis, with respect to habitat, trill dialects and body size. Condor 93(3):644-658. https://doi.org/10.2307/1368196

[24] Hardt B, Benedict L (2021) Can you hear me now? A review of signal transmission and experimental evidence for the acoustic adaptation hypothesis. Bioacoustics 30(6):716-742. https://doi.org/10.1080/09524622.2020.1858448

[25] Heinemann D (1981) Song dialects, migration, and population structure of Puget Sound White-crowned Sparrows. The Auk 98(3):512-521. https://doi.org/10.1093/auk/98.3.512

[26] Hudson EJ, Creanza N (2022) Modeling how population size drives the evolution of birdsong, a functional cultural trait. Evolution 76(6):1139-1152. https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.14489

[27] Hudson WH (1920) In Birds of La Plata. Vol. 1. J.M. Dent & Sons, E.P. Dutton & Co, London & New York. Pp. 480

[28] King JR (1972) Variation in the song of the rufous‑collared sparrow, Zonotrichia capensis, in northwestern Argentina. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 30(4):344-373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1972.tb00863.x

[29] King JR (1974) Notes on geographical variation and the annual cycle in Patagonian populations of the Rufous‑collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis. Ibis 116(1):74-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919X.1974.tb00224.x

[30] Kopuchian C, Lijtmaer DA, Tubaro PL, Handford P (2004) Temporal stability and change in a microgeographical pattern of song variation in the Rufous‑collared Sparrow. Animal Behaviour 68(3):551-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2003.10.025

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