Resumen
Muchas aves utilizan materiales artificiales para construir sus nidos, debido a su resistencia y estructura, propiedades decorativas, o de aislamiento térmico. Sin embargo, muchas veces causan mortalidad de adultos o pichones, algo que se ha registrado ampliamente en zonas urbanas, e incluso en áreas agrícolas y naturales alejadas de las fuentes de estos materiales. Los registros de materiales artificiales en nidos son más escasos en zonas naturales de ecosistemas terrestres, sin embargo, esta problemática crece a medida que el consumo de plásticos aumenta. Durante dos temporadas reproductivas (entre 2022 y 2024) monitoreamos nidos de aves en un área rural en Punta Indio, Buenos Aires, Argentina, registramos la presencia tanto de materiales artificiales como material proveniente de ganado (ej. pelos, lana) y reportamos casos de daño ocasionado a pichones o adultos. De 538 nidos examinados, 95 tuvieron materiales artificiales (cuerdas, bolsas y metales) y 294 tuvieron material orgánico proveniente de ganado. El Benteveo (Pitangus sulphuratus) y el Carancho (Caracara plancus) fueron las especies con mayor prevalencia de material artificial en nidos. Reportamos cuatro casos de daños producidos por dichos materiales que incluyeron la muerte de un juvenil, heridas en pichones, y la estrangulación de un adulto. Resaltamos la importancia de conocer qué especies seleccionan materiales artificiales para sus nidos y cuáles son los más utilizados, de manera de entender los daños que pueden ocasionar. Esto puede constituir una buena herramienta de educación ambiental en zonas rurales que aún están relativamente poco contaminadas.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Magalí Yassin; Luciano N. Segura; Virginia Monges, Ana P. Chiramberro, Martín A. Colombo