Descripción cariotípica de Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae)

Mario A. Ledesma; T. R. O. Freitas; J. Da Silva; Fernanda Da Silva; R. J. Gunski

doi:10.56178/eh.v18i1.865

Short Communications Published 01 August 2003 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v18i1.865

Karyotypical description of Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae)

C bands karyotype macrochromosomes microchromosomes Spheniscus

Mario A. Ledesma Laboratorio de Citogenética de Aves, Departamento de Genética, FCEQyN, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Félix de Azara 1552 6° piso, 3300 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina

T. R. O. Freitas Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, UFRGS. Avda. Bentos Gonçalves 9500, Predio 43323, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

J. Da Silva Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, UFRGS. Avda. Bentos Gonçalves 9500, Predio 43323, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

Fernanda Da Silva Departamento de Genética, Campus do Vale, UFRGS. Avda. Bentos Gonçalves 9500, Predio 43323, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

R. J. Gunski Laboratorio de Citogenética de Aves, Departamento de Genética, FCEQyN, Universidad Nacional de Misiones. Félix de Azara 1552 6° piso, 3300 Posadas, Misiones, Argentina

Abstract

The karyotype and the C-band pattern of Spheniscus magellanicus are described here for the first time. Peripheral blood samples from three females and four males were taken in Imbé (Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Long-time cultures of leukocytes were made in order to obtain mitotic metaphases. The diploid number was determined from the analysis of 30 metaphases. The karyotype of Spheniscus magellanicus presents 68 chromosomes. Pairs 1, 2, 4, 5 and 7 are submetacentric, pairs 6 and 10 are metacentric, pairs 3, 8 and 9 are telocentric, and the remaining ones are small telocentric chromosomes. The sex chromosomes Z and W are submetacentric. The study carried out with C bands demonstrated that the W chromosome is totally heterocromatic, while the Z chromosome does not present positive marks. Centromeric marks can be observed in the macrochromosomes and in some microchromosomes. The only observed difference found among this species and the previously analyzed Spheniscus demersus and Spheniscus humboldti, resides in the diploid number 72 and 78 of those species, respectively. These differences are observed exclusively at the level of microchromosomes, indicating a high homogeneity in the diploid number and chromosome morphology of this group.

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References

DELGADO CAÑEDO A (1999) Análisis cariotípico del género Pygoscelis (Spheniscidae: Aves). Tesis de Grado, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas
DE LUCCA EJ Y ROCHA GT (1992) Citogenética de aves. Boletim do Museu Paranaense Emílio Goeldi, Sér. Zool. 8:33–68
GUNSKI RJ (1992) Análise citogenética da espécie Rhea americana Ema (Aves: Rheidae). Tesis de Maestría, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal
JENSEN RAC (1973) Karyotypes of the ostrich and the jackass penguin. Genetics 74:127–128
LEDESMA MA, GARNERO A DEL V Y GUNSKI RJ (2002) Análise do cariótipo de duas especies da família Formicariidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Ararajuba 10:15–19
LEVAN A, FREDGA K Y SANDBERG A (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52:201–220
MELÉNDEZ E (1986) Paleontología. Tomo 2 (Vertebrados). Paraninfo, Madrid
MOORHEAD RS, HOWELL PC, MELLMAN WJ, BATTIPS DM Y HUNDGERFORD DA (1960) Chromosome preparations of leucocytes cultured from human peripheral blood. Experimental and Cellular Research 20:613–616
NAROSKY T E YZURIETA D (1987) Guía para la identificación de las aves de Argentina y Uruguay. Asociación Ornitológica del Plata, Buenos Aires
SICK H (1985) Ornitologia brasileira. Uma introdução. Editora Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia
SUMNER AT (1972) A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Research 75:304–306
TAKAGI N Y SASAKI M (1974) A phylogenetic study of bird karyotypes. Chromosoma 46:91–120
TEGELSTRÖM H, EBENHARD T Y RYTTMAN H (1983) Rate of karyotype evolution and especiation in birds. Hereditas 98:235–239

How to cite

Mario A. Ledesma, T. R. O. Freitas, J. Da Silva, Fernanda Da Silva, R. J. Gunski (2003). Karyotypical description of Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae). El Hornero, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2003), 61-64. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v18i1.865

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[1] DELGADO CAÑEDO A (1999) Análisis cariotípico del género Pygoscelis (Spheniscidae: Aves). Tesis de Grado, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas

[2] DE LUCCA EJ Y ROCHA GT (1992) Citogenética de aves. Boletim do Museu Paranaense Emílio Goeldi, Sér. Zool. 8:33–68

[3] GUNSKI RJ (1992) Análise citogenética da espécie Rhea americana Ema (Aves: Rheidae). Tesis de Maestría, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal

[4] JENSEN RAC (1973) Karyotypes of the ostrich and the jackass penguin. Genetics 74:127–128

[5] LEDESMA MA, GARNERO A DEL V Y GUNSKI RJ (2002) Análise do cariótipo de duas especies da família Formicariidae (Aves: Passeriformes). Ararajuba 10:15–19

[6] LEVAN A, FREDGA K Y SANDBERG A (1964) Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52:201–220

[7] MELÉNDEZ E (1986) Paleontología. Tomo 2 (Vertebrados). Paraninfo, Madrid

[8] MOORHEAD RS, HOWELL PC, MELLMAN WJ, BATTIPS DM Y HUNDGERFORD DA (1960) Chromosome preparations of leucocytes cultured from human peripheral blood. Experimental and Cellular Research 20:613–616

[9] NAROSKY T E YZURIETA D (1987) Guía para la identificación de las aves de Argentina y Uruguay. Asociación Ornitológica del Plata, Buenos Aires

[10] SICK H (1985) Ornitologia brasileira. Uma introdução. Editora Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia

[11] SUMNER AT (1972) A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Experimental Cell Research 75:304–306

[12] TAKAGI N Y SASAKI M (1974) A phylogenetic study of bird karyotypes. Chromosoma 46:91–120

[13] TEGELSTRÖM H, EBENHARD T Y RYTTMAN H (1983) Rate of karyotype evolution and especiation in birds. Hereditas 98:235–239