Summer diet comparison between the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) and Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) in an agricultural area of Araucanía, southern Chile

Ricardo A. Figueroa Rojas; E. Soraya Corales Stappung

doi:10.56178/eh.v19i2.829

Artículos Publicado 01 diciembre 2004 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v19i2.829

Comparación de la dieta estival del Halconcito Colorado (Falco sparverius) y el Halcón Plomizo (Falco femoralis) en un área agrícola de la Araucanía, sur de Chile

Falco sparverius Falco femoralis Halconcito Colorado Halcón Plomizo Sicalis luteola sobreposición trófica sur de Chile tamaño de presa

Ricardo A. Figueroa Rojas Estudios para la Conservación y Manejo de la Vida Silvestre Consultores. Blanco Encalada 350, Chillán, Chile

E. Soraya Corales Stappung Estudios para la Conservación y Manejo de la Vida Silvestre Consultores. Blanco Encalada 350, Chillán, Chile

Resumen

La dieta del Halconcito Colorado (Falco sparverius) y del Halcón Plomizo (Falco femoralis) fue cuantificada a partir de regurgitados durante el verano de 1997-1998 en un área agrícola de la región de la Araucanía, sur de Chile. Numéricamente, las presas más importantes del Halconcito Colorado fueron los insectos (61% del total de presas), seguidos de aves (23%), roedores (13.7%) y reptiles (2.6%). Las aves tuvieron el mayor aporte de biomasa (79.6%), seguidas por los roedores (18%). La contribución de biomasa de insectos y reptiles fue insignificante. Las principales presas del Halcón Plomizo fueron las aves, tanto en número (89%) como en biomasa (99%). La contribución numérica y de biomasa de roedores e insectos fue mínima. La superposición trófica entre ambos halcones fue relativamente baja. Las dos especies parecieron consumir de manera oportunista a la especie de ave más abundante en el campo (Sicalis luteola), aunque el Halcón Plomizo podría estar consumiendo preferentemente a las aves presa de mayor tamaño.

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Referencias

BALGOOYEN TG (1971) Pellet regurgitation by captiveSparrow Hawks (Falco sparverius). Condor 73:382–384
BALGOOYEN TG (1976) Behavior and ecology of theAmerican Kestrel (Falco sparverius L.) in the SierraNevada of California. University of California Publi-cations in Zoology 103:1–83
BELLOCQ MI (1987) Selección de habitat de caza ydepredación diferencial de Athene cunicularia sobreroedores en ecosistemas agrarios. Revista Chilena deHistoria Natural 60:81–86
BELLOCQ MI (1990) Composición y variación tempo-ral de la dieta de Tyto alba en ecosistemas agrariospampeanos, Argentina. Vida Silvestre Neotropical2:32–35
BELTZER AH (1990) Biología alimentaria del halconcitocomún Falco sparverius en el Valle Aluvial del ríoParaná Medio, Argentina. Hornero 13:133–136
BIBBY C, BURGES N AND HILL D (1993) Bird censustechniques. Academic Press, London
BÓ MS (1999) Dieta del halcón plomizo (Falco femoralis)en el sudeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Ar-gentina. Ornitología Neotropical 10:95–99
BOZINOVIC F AND MEDEL R (1988) Body size, energeticand foraging mode of raptors in central Chile: aninference. Oecologia 75:456–458
BROWN JL, MONTOYA AB, GOTT EJ AND CURTI M (2003)Piracy as an important foraging method of Aplo-mado Falcons in southern Texas and northernMexico. Wilson Bulletin 115:357–359
BROWN LH AND AMADON D (1968) Eagles, hawks andfalcons of the world. Volume 1. Country Life Books,London
CALL M (1986) Rodents and insectivores. Pp. 429–452in: COOPERRIDER AY, BOYD RJ AND STUART HR (eds)Inventory and monitoring of wildlife habitat. USDI Bu-reau of Land Management Service Center, Denver
DI CASTRI F AND HAJEK E (1976) Bioclimatología de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
COLLOPY MW AND KOPLIN JR (1983) Diet, capture suc-cess, and mode of hunting by female AmericanKestrels in winter. Condor 85:369–371
FIGUEROA RA AND CORALES ES (1999) Food habits ofthe Cinereous Harriers (Circus cinereus) in theAraucanía, southern Chile. Journal of Raptor Research33:264–267
FIGUEROA RA AND CORALES ES (2002) Winter diet ofthe American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in the forestedChilean Patagonia, and its relation to the availabil-ity of prey. International Hawkwatcher 5:7–14
FULK GW (1976) Owl predation and rodent mortal-ity: a case of study. Mammalia 40:423–427
GÖTMARK F AND UNGER U (1994) Are conspicuousbirds unprofitable prey? Field experiments withhawks and stuffed prey species. Auk 111:251–262
GREENE HW AND JAKSIC FM (1983) Food-niche rela-tionships among sympatric predators: effects oflevel of prey identification. Oikos 40:151–154
GREER JK AND BULLOCK DS (1966) Notes on stomachcontents and weights of some Chilean birds of prey.Auk 83:308–309
HECTOR DP (1981) The habitat, diet, and foraging behaviorof the Aplomado Falcon, Falco femoralis (Temminck). MSthesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater
HECTOR DP (1985) The diet of the Aplomado Falcon(Falco femoralis) in eastern Mexico. Condor 87:336–342
HECTOR DP (1986) Cooperative hunting and its rela-tionship to foraging success and prey size in anavian predator. Ethology 73:247–257
HEINTZELMAN DS (1964) Spring and summer SparrowHawk food habits. Wilson Bulletin 76:323–330
HIRSCH J (1982) Falcon visual sensitivity to gratingcontrast. Nature 300:57–58
DEL HOYO J, ELLIOTT A Y SARGATAL J (1994) Handbook ofthe birds of the world. Volume 2. New World vultures toguineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona
JAKSIC FM (1989) Tamaño corporal de depredadorescomo predictor de atributos tróficos: el caso de lasaves rapaces. Medio Ambiente 10:23–26
JAKSIC FM (1997) Ecología de los vertebrados de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
JAKSIC FM AND BRAKER HE (1983) Food-niche relation-ships and guild structure of diurnal birds of prey:competition versus opportunism. Canadian Journalof Zoology 61:2230–2241
JAKSIC FM AND CAROTHERS JH (1985) Ecological, mor-phological, and bioenergetic correlates of huntingmode in hawks and owls. Ornis Scandinavica16:165–172
JAKSIC FM AND DELIBES M (1987) A comparativeanalysis of food-niche relationship and trophic guildstructure in two assemblages of vertebrate preda-tors differing in species richness: causes, correla-tions, and consequences. Oecologia 71:461–472
JAKSIC FM, GREENE HW AND YAÑEZ JL (1981) The guildstructure of a community of predatory vertebratesin central Chile. Oecologia 49:21–28
JAKSIC FM, JIMÉNEZ JE AND FEINSINGER P (1991)Dynamics of guild structure among avian preda-tors: competition or opportunism? Pp. 1480–1488in: BELL BD, COSSEE RO, FLUX JEC, HEATHER BD,HITCHMOUGH RA, ROBERTSON CJR AND WILLIAMS MJ(eds) Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici.Volume 3. New Zealand Ornithological CongressTrust Board, Wellington
JENKINS RE (1970) Food habit of wintering SparrowHawks in Costa Rica. Wilson Bulletin 82:97–98
JIMÉNEZ JE (1993) Notes on diet of the Aplomado Fal-con (Falco femoralis) in northcentral Chile. Journal ofRaptor Research 27:161–163
KREBS CJ (1989) Ecological methodology. Harper Collins,New York
MARTI C (1987) Raptor food habits studies. Pp 67–79in: PENDLETON BA, MILLSAP BA, CLINE KW AND BIRDDM (eds) Raptor management techniques manual.National Wildlife Federation, Washington DC
MEARNS R (1983) The diet of the peregrine Falcoperegrinus in south Scotland during the breedingseason. Bird Study 30:81–90
MERSMANN TJ, BUEHLER DA, FRASER JD AND SEEGAR JK(1992) Assessing bias in studies of bald eagle foodhabits. Journal of Wildlife Management 56:73–78
MONTOYA A, ZWANK P AND CÁRDENAS M (1997) Breed-ing biology of Aplomado Falcon in desert grasslandsof Chihuahua, México. Journal of Field Ornithology68:123–135
MUELLER HC (1971) Oddity and specific searchingimage more important than conspicuousness inprey selection. Nature 233:345–246
MUELLER HC (1973) The relationship of hunger topredatory behavior in hawks (Falco sparverius andButeo platypterus). Animal Behaviour 21:513–520
MUELLER HC (1974) Factors influencing prey selec-tion in the American Kestrel. Auk 91:705–721
ORO D AND TELLA JL (1995) A comparison of twomethods for studying the diet of the Peregrine Fal-con. Journal of Raptor Research 29:207–210
PEARSON O (1995) Annotated keys for identifyingsmall mammals living in or near Nahuel HuapiNational Park or Lanín National Park, southernArgentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 2:99–148
PEÑA L (1986) Introducción a los insectos de Chile. Edi-torial Universitaria, Santiago
REAL J (1996) Biases in diet study methods in theBonelli’s Eagle. Journal of Wildlife Management60:632–638
REDPATH SM, CLARKE R, MADDERS M AND THIRGOOD S(2001) Assessing raptor diet: comparing pellets, preyremains, and observational data at Hen Harriernests. Condor 103:184–188
REYES C (1992) Clave para la identificación de los órdenesde aves chilenas: microestructura de los nodos de lasbárbulas. BSc Teacher thesis, Universidad de losLagos, Osorno
RUDOLPH S (1982) Foraging strategies of AmericanKestrels during breeding. Ecology 63:1268–1276
SARASOLA JH, SANTILLÁN MA AND GALMES MA (2003)Food habits and foraging ecology of Americankestrels in the semiarid forests of central Argentina.Journal of Raptor Research 37:236–243
SARNO RJ AND GUBANICH AA (1995) Prey selection bywild American kestrels: the influence of prey sizeand activity. Journal of Raptor Research 29:123–126
SIMMONS RE, AVERY DM AND AVERY G (1991) Biases indiets determinated from pellets and remains: cor-rection factors for a mammal and bird-eating rap-tor. Journal of Raptor Research 25:63–67
SIMONETTI J, NUÑEZ H AND YAÑEZ J (1982) Falcosparverius L: rapaz generalista en Chile central (Aves:Falconidae). Boletín del Museo Nacional de HistoriaNatural 39:119–124
SMALLWOOD JA (1987) Sexual segregation by habitatin American Kestrels wintering in southcentralFlorida: vegetative structure and responses to dif-ferential prey availability. Condor 89:842–849
SMALLWOOD JA (1989) Prey preferences of free-rang-ing American Kestrel, Falco sparverius. AnimalBehaviour 38:712–728
TREJO A AND OJEDA V (2002) Identificación deegagrópilas de aves rapaces en ambientes boscososy ecotonales del noroeste de la Patagonia argentina.Ornitología Neotropical 13:313–317
YAÑEZ J, NUÑEZ H, SCHLATTER RP AND JAKSIC FM (1980)Diet and weight of American Kestrel in central Chile.Auk 97:629–631

Cómo citar

Ricardo A. Figueroa Rojas, E. Soraya Corales Stappung (2004). Comparación de la dieta estival del Halconcito Colorado (Falco sparverius) y el Halcón Plomizo (Falco femoralis) en un área agrícola de la Araucanía, sur de Chile. El Hornero, Vol. 19 Núm. 2 (2004), 53-60. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v19i2.829

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Licencia: CC BY-NC 4.0

[1] BALGOOYEN TG (1971) Pellet regurgitation by captiveSparrow Hawks (Falco sparverius). Condor 73:382–384

[2] BALGOOYEN TG (1976) Behavior and ecology of theAmerican Kestrel (Falco sparverius L.) in the SierraNevada of California. University of California Publi-cations in Zoology 103:1–83

[3] BELLOCQ MI (1987) Selección de habitat de caza ydepredación diferencial de Athene cunicularia sobreroedores en ecosistemas agrarios. Revista Chilena deHistoria Natural 60:81–86

[4] BELLOCQ MI (1990) Composición y variación tempo-ral de la dieta de Tyto alba en ecosistemas agrariospampeanos, Argentina. Vida Silvestre Neotropical2:32–35

[5] BELTZER AH (1990) Biología alimentaria del halconcitocomún Falco sparverius en el Valle Aluvial del ríoParaná Medio, Argentina. Hornero 13:133–136

[6] BIBBY C, BURGES N AND HILL D (1993) Bird censustechniques. Academic Press, London

[7] BÓ MS (1999) Dieta del halcón plomizo (Falco femoralis)en el sudeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Ar-gentina. Ornitología Neotropical 10:95–99

[8] BOZINOVIC F AND MEDEL R (1988) Body size, energeticand foraging mode of raptors in central Chile: aninference. Oecologia 75:456–458

[9] BROWN JL, MONTOYA AB, GOTT EJ AND CURTI M (2003)Piracy as an important foraging method of Aplo-mado Falcons in southern Texas and northernMexico. Wilson Bulletin 115:357–359

[10] BROWN LH AND AMADON D (1968) Eagles, hawks andfalcons of the world. Volume 1. Country Life Books,London

[11] CALL M (1986) Rodents and insectivores. Pp. 429–452in: COOPERRIDER AY, BOYD RJ AND STUART HR (eds)Inventory and monitoring of wildlife habitat. USDI Bu-reau of Land Management Service Center, Denver

[12] DI CASTRI F AND HAJEK E (1976) Bioclimatología de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago

[13] COLLOPY MW AND KOPLIN JR (1983) Diet, capture suc-cess, and mode of hunting by female AmericanKestrels in winter. Condor 85:369–371

[14] FIGUEROA RA AND CORALES ES (1999) Food habits ofthe Cinereous Harriers (Circus cinereus) in theAraucanía, southern Chile. Journal of Raptor Research33:264–267

[15] FIGUEROA RA AND CORALES ES (2002) Winter diet ofthe American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in the forestedChilean Patagonia, and its relation to the availabil-ity of prey. International Hawkwatcher 5:7–14

[16] FULK GW (1976) Owl predation and rodent mortal-ity: a case of study. Mammalia 40:423–427

[17] GÖTMARK F AND UNGER U (1994) Are conspicuousbirds unprofitable prey? Field experiments withhawks and stuffed prey species. Auk 111:251–262

[18] GREENE HW AND JAKSIC FM (1983) Food-niche rela-tionships among sympatric predators: effects oflevel of prey identification. Oikos 40:151–154

[19] GREER JK AND BULLOCK DS (1966) Notes on stomachcontents and weights of some Chilean birds of prey.Auk 83:308–309

[20] HECTOR DP (1981) The habitat, diet, and foraging behaviorof the Aplomado Falcon, Falco femoralis (Temminck). MSthesis, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater

[21] HECTOR DP (1985) The diet of the Aplomado Falcon(Falco femoralis) in eastern Mexico. Condor 87:336–342

[22] HECTOR DP (1986) Cooperative hunting and its rela-tionship to foraging success and prey size in anavian predator. Ethology 73:247–257

[23] HEINTZELMAN DS (1964) Spring and summer SparrowHawk food habits. Wilson Bulletin 76:323–330

[24] HIRSCH J (1982) Falcon visual sensitivity to gratingcontrast. Nature 300:57–58

[25] DEL HOYO J, ELLIOTT A Y SARGATAL J (1994) Handbook ofthe birds of the world. Volume 2. New World vultures toguineafowl. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona

[26] JAKSIC FM (1989) Tamaño corporal de depredadorescomo predictor de atributos tróficos: el caso de lasaves rapaces. Medio Ambiente 10:23–26

[27] JAKSIC FM (1997) Ecología de los vertebrados de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago

[28] JAKSIC FM AND BRAKER HE (1983) Food-niche relation-ships and guild structure of diurnal birds of prey:competition versus opportunism. Canadian Journalof Zoology 61:2230–2241

[29] JAKSIC FM AND CAROTHERS JH (1985) Ecological, mor-phological, and bioenergetic correlates of huntingmode in hawks and owls. Ornis Scandinavica16:165–172

[30] JAKSIC FM AND DELIBES M (1987) A comparativeanalysis of food-niche relationship and trophic guildstructure in two assemblages of vertebrate preda-tors differing in species richness: causes, correla-tions, and consequences. Oecologia 71:461–472

[31] JAKSIC FM, GREENE HW AND YAÑEZ JL (1981) The guildstructure of a community of predatory vertebratesin central Chile. Oecologia 49:21–28

[32] JAKSIC FM, JIMÉNEZ JE AND FEINSINGER P (1991)Dynamics of guild structure among avian preda-tors: competition or opportunism? Pp. 1480–1488in: BELL BD, COSSEE RO, FLUX JEC, HEATHER BD,HITCHMOUGH RA, ROBERTSON CJR AND WILLIAMS MJ(eds) Acta XX Congressus Internationalis Ornithologici.Volume 3. New Zealand Ornithological CongressTrust Board, Wellington

[33] JENKINS RE (1970) Food habit of wintering SparrowHawks in Costa Rica. Wilson Bulletin 82:97–98

[34] JIMÉNEZ JE (1993) Notes on diet of the Aplomado Fal-con (Falco femoralis) in northcentral Chile. Journal ofRaptor Research 27:161–163

[35] KREBS CJ (1989) Ecological methodology. Harper Collins,New York

[36] MARTI C (1987) Raptor food habits studies. Pp 67–79in: PENDLETON BA, MILLSAP BA, CLINE KW AND BIRDDM (eds) Raptor management techniques manual.National Wildlife Federation, Washington DC

[37] MEARNS R (1983) The diet of the peregrine Falcoperegrinus in south Scotland during the breedingseason. Bird Study 30:81–90

[38] MERSMANN TJ, BUEHLER DA, FRASER JD AND SEEGAR JK(1992) Assessing bias in studies of bald eagle foodhabits. Journal of Wildlife Management 56:73–78

[39] MONTOYA A, ZWANK P AND CÁRDENAS M (1997) Breed-ing biology of Aplomado Falcon in desert grasslandsof Chihuahua, México. Journal of Field Ornithology68:123–135

[40] MUELLER HC (1971) Oddity and specific searchingimage more important than conspicuousness inprey selection. Nature 233:345–246

[41] MUELLER HC (1973) The relationship of hunger topredatory behavior in hawks (Falco sparverius andButeo platypterus). Animal Behaviour 21:513–520

[42] MUELLER HC (1974) Factors influencing prey selec-tion in the American Kestrel. Auk 91:705–721

[43] ORO D AND TELLA JL (1995) A comparison of twomethods for studying the diet of the Peregrine Fal-con. Journal of Raptor Research 29:207–210

[44] PEARSON O (1995) Annotated keys for identifyingsmall mammals living in or near Nahuel HuapiNational Park or Lanín National Park, southernArgentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 2:99–148

[45] PEÑA L (1986) Introducción a los insectos de Chile. Edi-torial Universitaria, Santiago

[46] REAL J (1996) Biases in diet study methods in theBonelli’s Eagle. Journal of Wildlife Management60:632–638

[47] REDPATH SM, CLARKE R, MADDERS M AND THIRGOOD S(2001) Assessing raptor diet: comparing pellets, preyremains, and observational data at Hen Harriernests. Condor 103:184–188

[48] REYES C (1992) Clave para la identificación de los órdenesde aves chilenas: microestructura de los nodos de lasbárbulas. BSc Teacher thesis, Universidad de losLagos, Osorno

[49] RUDOLPH S (1982) Foraging strategies of AmericanKestrels during breeding. Ecology 63:1268–1276

[50] SARASOLA JH, SANTILLÁN MA AND GALMES MA (2003)Food habits and foraging ecology of Americankestrels in the semiarid forests of central Argentina.Journal of Raptor Research 37:236–243

[51] SARNO RJ AND GUBANICH AA (1995) Prey selection bywild American kestrels: the influence of prey sizeand activity. Journal of Raptor Research 29:123–126

[52] SIMMONS RE, AVERY DM AND AVERY G (1991) Biases indiets determinated from pellets and remains: cor-rection factors for a mammal and bird-eating rap-tor. Journal of Raptor Research 25:63–67

[53] SIMONETTI J, NUÑEZ H AND YAÑEZ J (1982) Falcosparverius L: rapaz generalista en Chile central (Aves:Falconidae). Boletín del Museo Nacional de HistoriaNatural 39:119–124

[54] SMALLWOOD JA (1987) Sexual segregation by habitatin American Kestrels wintering in southcentralFlorida: vegetative structure and responses to dif-ferential prey availability. Condor 89:842–849

[55] SMALLWOOD JA (1989) Prey preferences of free-rang-ing American Kestrel, Falco sparverius. AnimalBehaviour 38:712–728

[56] TREJO A AND OJEDA V (2002) Identificación deegagrópilas de aves rapaces en ambientes boscososy ecotonales del noroeste de la Patagonia argentina.Ornitología Neotropical 13:313–317

[57] YAÑEZ J, NUÑEZ H, SCHLATTER RP AND JAKSIC FM (1980)Diet and weight of American Kestrel in central Chile.Auk 97:629–631