Pérdida y fragmentación de la Selva Paranaense: efectos sobre las aves rapaces diurnas

Gustavo A. Zurita; M. Isabel Bellocq

doi:10.56178/eh.v22i2.759

Artículos Publicado 01 diciembre 2007 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v22i2.759

Pérdida y fragmentación de la Selva Paranaense: efectos sobre las aves rapaces diurnas

deforestación fragmentación rapaces diurnas Selva Atlántica Selva Paranaense

Gustavo A. Zurita ECOMA – Laboratorio de Ecología de Comunidades y Macroecología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Piso 4, Pab. 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina

M. Isabel Bellocq ECOMA – Laboratorio de Ecología de Comunidades y Macroecología, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Piso 4, Pab. 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina

Resumen

Las aves rapaces constituyen un grupo potencialmente sensible a la pérdida y la fragmentación de su ambiente natural debido a sus requerimientos de hábitat extensos y a su baja densidad poblacional. Sin embargo, las rapaces parecen responder de modo diferente a la pérdida del hábitat en ecosistemas templados (donde se observan pocos efectos) y en selvas tropicales y subtropicales (con efectos más marcados). El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la respuesta de un grupo de aves rapaces diurnas a la pérdida y la fragmentación de la Selva Paranaense. La Selva Atlántica o Selva Paranaense en Argentina y Paraguay ha sido drásticamente reemplazada y en la actualidad solo permanece menos del 7% de su cobertura original. En relevamientos que cubrieron 4300 km2 de selva con distintos niveles de degradación y usos de la tierra, se registró un total de 14 especies de aves rapaces diurnas. Cinco especies fueron afectadas por la pérdida y la fragmentación de la selva, ya que solo fueron registradas en paisajes con una cobertura de selva mayor al 60%. Siete especies fueron registradas en paisajes con baja y alta cobertura de selva, mientras que dos especies propias de ambientes abiertos incrementaron su abundancia al aumentar la superficie de selva deforestada. La baja capacidad de las rapaces de selva para utilizar las matrices humanas, en comparación con la de especies de ecosistemas templados, sería uno de los factores que determinan la alta sensibilidad de estos ensambles. La conservación de las rapaces en la Selva Paranaense, particularmente las especies muy asociadas a la selva, implica el mantenimiento de grandes superficies continuas de selva o de grandes fragmentos conectados por corredores.

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Referencias

DOS ANJOS L (2006) Bird species sensitivity in a frag-mented landscape of the Atlantic forest in south-ern Brazil. Biotropica 38:229–234
BELLOCQ MI (1997) Ecology of the Burrowing owl inagrosystems of central Argentina. Journal of RaptorResearch Reports 9:35–41
BELLOCQ MI Y GÓMEZ-INSAUSTI R (2005) Raptorial birdsand environmental gradients in the southernNeotropics: a test of species-richness hypotheses.Austral Ecology 30:900–906
BIBBY C, JONES M Y MARDSEN S (1998) Expedition fieldtechniques. Bird Surveys. Royal Geographical Soci-ety, Londres
BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2004) Threatened birds of theworld 2004. BirdLife International, Cambridge
BROOKS TM, MITTERMEIER RA, MITTERMEIER CG, DAFONSECA GAB, RYLANDS AB, KONSTANT WR, FLICK P,PILGRIM J, OLDFIELD S, MAGIN G Y HILTON-TAYLOR C(2002) Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots ofbiodiversity. Conservation Biology 16:909–923
BROOKS TM, TOBIAS J Y BALMFORD A (1999) Deforesta-tion and bird extinctions in the Atlantic forest.Animal Conservation 2:211–222
DAILY GC, EHRLICH PR Y SÁNCHEZ-AZOFEIFA A (2001)Countryside biogeography: use of human-domi-nated habitats by the avifauna of southern CostaRica. Ecological Applications 11:1–13
DI BITETTI MS, PLACCI G Y DIETZ LA (2003) Una visiónde biodiversidad para la ecorregión del bosque Atlánticodel Alto Paraná: diseño de un paisaje para la conserva-ción y prioridades para las acciones de conservación.World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC
FAHRIG L (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation onbiodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution andSystematics 34:487–515
FILLOY J Y BELLOCQ MI (2007) Respuesta de las avesrapaces al uso de la tierra: un enfoque regional.Hornero 22:131–140
GALINDO-LEAL C Y CÂMARA IG (2003) The Atlantic for-est of South America: biodiversity status, threats andoutlook. Island Press, Washington DC
JULLIEN M Y THIOLLAY JM (1996) Effects of rain forestdisturbance and fragmentation: comparativechanges of the raptor community along natural andhuman-made gradients in French Guiana. Journalof Biogeography 23:7–2
KATTA N GH, ALVAREZ-LÓPEZ H Y GIRALDO M (1994)Forest fragmentation and bird extinctions: SanAntonio eighty years later. Biological Conservation8:138–146
LAURANCE WF Y BIERREGAARD RO JR (1997) Tropical for-est remnants. Ecology, management, and conservationof fragmented communities. University of ChicagoPress, Chicago y Londres
LOURES-RIBEIROYDOS ANJOS L (2006) Falconiformesassemblages in a fragmented landscape of theAtlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Brazilian Archivesof Biology and Technology 49:149–162
MEUNIER FD, VERHEYDEN C Y JOUVENTIN P (2000) Useof roadsides by diurnal raptors in agricultural land-scapes. Biological Conservation 92:291–298
MYERS M, MITTERMEIR RA, MITTERMEIER CG, DAFONSECA GAB Y KENT J (2000) Biodiversity hotspotsfor conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858
OLIVEIRA-FILHO AT Y FONTES LAM (2000) Patterns offloristic differentiation among Atlantic Forests insoutheastern Brazil and the influence of climate.Biotropica 32:793–810
PETIT LJ Y PETIT DR (2003) Evaluating the importanceof human-modified lands for Neotropical bird con-servation. Conservation Biology 17:687–694
RENJIFO LM (1999) Composition changes in asubandean avifauna after long-term forest fragmen-tation. Conservation Biology 1124–1139
RENJIFO LM (2001) Effect of natural and anthropo-genic landscapes matrices on the abundance ofsubandean bird species. Ecological Applications11:14–31
RIBON R, SIMON JE Y DE MATTOS GT (2003) Birdextinctions in Atlantic forest fragments of the Viçosaregion, southeastern Brazil. Conservation Biology17:1827–1839
RODRÍGUEZ-ESTRELLA R, DONÁZAR JA E HIRALDO F(1998) Raptors as indicators of environmentalchange in the scrub habitat of Baja California sur,Mexico. Conservation Biology 12:921–925
STOTZ DF, FITZPATRICK JW, PARKER TA III Y MOSKOVITSDA (1996) Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation.University of Chicago Press, Chicago
THIOLLAY JM (1989) Area requirements for theconservation of rain forest raptors and gamebirds in French Guiana. Conservation Biology3:128–137
THIOLLAY JM (1996) Distributional patterns of raptorsalong gradients in the northern Andes and effectsof forest fragmentation. Journal of Tropical Ecology12:535–560
THIOLLAY JM (2006) The decline of raptors in WestAfrica: long term assessment and the role of pro-tected areas. Ibis 148:240–250
ZURITA GA, REY N, VARELA DM, VILLAGRA M YBELLOCQ MI (2006) Conversion of the Atlanticforest into native and exotic tree plantations:effects on bird communities from the local andregional perspectives. Forest Ecology and Manage-ment 235:164–173

Cómo citar

Gustavo A. Zurita, M. Isabel Bellocq (2007). Pérdida y fragmentación de la Selva Paranaense: efectos sobre las aves rapaces diurnas. El Hornero, Vol. 22 Núm. 2 (2007), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v22i2.759

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[1] DOS ANJOS L (2006) Bird species sensitivity in a frag-mented landscape of the Atlantic forest in south-ern Brazil. Biotropica 38:229–234

[2] BELLOCQ MI (1997) Ecology of the Burrowing owl inagrosystems of central Argentina. Journal of RaptorResearch Reports 9:35–41

[3] BELLOCQ MI Y GÓMEZ-INSAUSTI R (2005) Raptorial birdsand environmental gradients in the southernNeotropics: a test of species-richness hypotheses.Austral Ecology 30:900–906

[4] BIBBY C, JONES M Y MARDSEN S (1998) Expedition fieldtechniques. Bird Surveys. Royal Geographical Soci-ety, Londres

[5] BIRDLIFE INTERNATIONAL (2004) Threatened birds of theworld 2004. BirdLife International, Cambridge

[6] BROOKS TM, MITTERMEIER RA, MITTERMEIER CG, DAFONSECA GAB, RYLANDS AB, KONSTANT WR, FLICK P,PILGRIM J, OLDFIELD S, MAGIN G Y HILTON-TAYLOR C(2002) Habitat loss and extinction in the hotspots ofbiodiversity. Conservation Biology 16:909–923

[7] BROOKS TM, TOBIAS J Y BALMFORD A (1999) Deforesta-tion and bird extinctions in the Atlantic forest.Animal Conservation 2:211–222

[8] DAILY GC, EHRLICH PR Y SÁNCHEZ-AZOFEIFA A (2001)Countryside biogeography: use of human-domi-nated habitats by the avifauna of southern CostaRica. Ecological Applications 11:1–13

[9] DI BITETTI MS, PLACCI G Y DIETZ LA (2003) Una visiónde biodiversidad para la ecorregión del bosque Atlánticodel Alto Paraná: diseño de un paisaje para la conserva-ción y prioridades para las acciones de conservación.World Wildlife Fund, Washington DC

[10] FAHRIG L (2003) Effects of habitat fragmentation onbiodiversity. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution andSystematics 34:487–515

[11] FILLOY J Y BELLOCQ MI (2007) Respuesta de las avesrapaces al uso de la tierra: un enfoque regional.Hornero 22:131–140

[12] GALINDO-LEAL C Y CÂMARA IG (2003) The Atlantic for-est of South America: biodiversity status, threats andoutlook. Island Press, Washington DC

[13] JULLIEN M Y THIOLLAY JM (1996) Effects of rain forestdisturbance and fragmentation: comparativechanges of the raptor community along natural andhuman-made gradients in French Guiana. Journalof Biogeography 23:7–2

[14] KATTA N GH, ALVAREZ-LÓPEZ H Y GIRALDO M (1994)Forest fragmentation and bird extinctions: SanAntonio eighty years later. Biological Conservation8:138–146

[15] LAURANCE WF Y BIERREGAARD RO JR (1997) Tropical for-est remnants. Ecology, management, and conservationof fragmented communities. University of ChicagoPress, Chicago y Londres

[16] LOURES-RIBEIROYDOS ANJOS L (2006) Falconiformesassemblages in a fragmented landscape of theAtlantic Forest in southern Brazil. Brazilian Archivesof Biology and Technology 49:149–162

[17] MEUNIER FD, VERHEYDEN C Y JOUVENTIN P (2000) Useof roadsides by diurnal raptors in agricultural land-scapes. Biological Conservation 92:291–298

[18] MYERS M, MITTERMEIR RA, MITTERMEIER CG, DAFONSECA GAB Y KENT J (2000) Biodiversity hotspotsfor conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858

[19] OLIVEIRA-FILHO AT Y FONTES LAM (2000) Patterns offloristic differentiation among Atlantic Forests insoutheastern Brazil and the influence of climate.Biotropica 32:793–810

[20] PETIT LJ Y PETIT DR (2003) Evaluating the importanceof human-modified lands for Neotropical bird con-servation. Conservation Biology 17:687–694

[21] RENJIFO LM (1999) Composition changes in asubandean avifauna after long-term forest fragmen-tation. Conservation Biology 1124–1139

[22] RENJIFO LM (2001) Effect of natural and anthropo-genic landscapes matrices on the abundance ofsubandean bird species. Ecological Applications11:14–31

[23] RIBON R, SIMON JE Y DE MATTOS GT (2003) Birdextinctions in Atlantic forest fragments of the Viçosaregion, southeastern Brazil. Conservation Biology17:1827–1839

[24] RODRÍGUEZ-ESTRELLA R, DONÁZAR JA E HIRALDO F(1998) Raptors as indicators of environmentalchange in the scrub habitat of Baja California sur,Mexico. Conservation Biology 12:921–925

[25] STOTZ DF, FITZPATRICK JW, PARKER TA III Y MOSKOVITSDA (1996) Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation.University of Chicago Press, Chicago

[26] THIOLLAY JM (1989) Area requirements for theconservation of rain forest raptors and gamebirds in French Guiana. Conservation Biology3:128–137

[27] THIOLLAY JM (1996) Distributional patterns of raptorsalong gradients in the northern Andes and effectsof forest fragmentation. Journal of Tropical Ecology12:535–560

[28] THIOLLAY JM (2006) The decline of raptors in WestAfrica: long term assessment and the role of pro-tected areas. Ibis 148:240–250

[29] ZURITA GA, REY N, VARELA DM, VILLAGRA M YBELLOCQ MI (2006) Conversion of the Atlanticforest into native and exotic tree plantations:effects on bird communities from the local andregional perspectives. Forest Ecology and Manage-ment 235:164–173