Laboratorio de Ecología y Comportamiento Animal, Depto. Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires e IEGEBA (UBA–CONICET). Piso 4, Pab. 2, Ciudad Universitaria, C1428EHA Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Las técnicas de secuenciación masiva o secuenciación de próxima generación han cambiado la forma de obtener datos genéticos para los estudios de conservación en aves, pasando del análisis de unos pocos loci ubicados en una pequeña porción del genoma a la obtención de información de cientos a miles de loci ubicados a lo largo de todo el genoma. Un mayor número de marcadores brinda más información para estudios filogenéticos, de introgresión y de estructuración poblacional, y permite una mejor estimación de los parámetros demográficos. Índices como la heterocigosis, el parentesco, la paternidad y la endogamia pueden ser estimados con mayor precisión. Además, uno de los mayores aportes de los estudios genómicos es la identificación de variación tanto adaptativa como neutra. En este trabajo se explica brevemente la base metodológica de la secuenciación masiva y se muestran ejemplos de la utilización de datos genómicos en estudios de conservación en aves.
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