Extinciones locales de aves en fragmentos de bosque en la región de Santa Elena, Andes centrales, Colombia

Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa; Juan C. Patiño-Zabala

doi:10.56178/eh.v23i1.746

Articles Published 01 August 2008 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v23i1.746

Local extinctions of birds in forest fragments in the Santa Elena region, central Andes, Colombia

Andes bird community extinction forest fragments vulnerability

Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa Grupo de Investigación en Ecosistemas Tropicales, Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Medio Ambiente, Universidad de Caldas. AA 275, Manizales, Colombia

Juan C. Patiño-Zabala Ed. Centrum. Alberto Borges y Francisco de Orellana Piso 9 Of. 6, Guayaquil, Ecuador

Abstract

We compared historic records from 1879 until 1952 of birds of Santa Elena region (Colombian central Andes) with those from a recent survey in three forest fragments of 41, 129 and 136 ha. Only 64 out of the 132 original species still remain in the three fragments; 78%, 66% and 63% of the original species have disappeared from the fragments. Species with high habitat specificity, those with body mass of 51–100 g, those which forage in the arboreal stratum, and those which forage on trunks showed a tendency to suffer more extinctions than expected. However, there were no statistical differences between observed and expected proportions of extinctions in any of the categories (trophic guild, foraging stratum, body mass and habitat specificity), indicating that all the bird groups presented the same vulnerability to extinction. Mean body mass of extinct birds was similar to that of the birds still remaining in the fragments. Species from the families Grallaridae, Cotingidae, Thraupidae, Trogonidae and from the subfamily Dendrocolaptinae were the most affected. We discuss why the evaluated ecological features could not be related with local extinction of bird species in these forest fragments.

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References

DOS ANJOS L (2006) Bird species sensitivity in a frag-mented landscape of the Atlantic forest in South-ern Brazil. Biotropica 38:229–234
ANTOGIOVANNI M Y METZGER JP (2005) Influence ofmatrix habitats on the occurrence of insectivorousbirds species in Amazonian forest fragments.Biological Conservation 122:441–451
ARANGO-VÉLEZ N Y KATTAN GH (1997) Effects of for-est fragmentation on experimental nest predationin Andean cloud forest. Biological Conservation81:137–143
BIERREGAARD RO Y LOVEJOY TE (1989) Effects of forestfragmentation on Amazonian understory bird com-munities. Acta Amazonica 19:215–241
BIERREGAARD RO Y STOUFFER PC (1997) Understorybirds and dynamic habitat mosaics in Amazonianrainforests. Pp. 138–155 en: LAURANCE WE YBIERREGAARD RO (eds) Tropical forest remmants.Ecology, management, and conservation of fragmentedcommunities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago
BLONDEL J, FERRY C Y FROCHOT B (1981) Point countswith unlimited distance. Studies in Avian Biology6:414–420
CARDILLO M Y BROMHAN L (2001) Body size and riskof extinction in Australian mammals. ConservationBiology 15:1435–1440
CASTAÑO GJ (2004) Evaluación del riesgo de extinción deaves en hábitats fragmentados a largo plazo mediante elanálisis de sus características ecológicas. Tesis de Maes-tría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín
CASTAÑO GJ Y ARIAS A (1999) Evaluación de la avifaunade la microcuenca de la quebrada Santa Helena, zonacentro oriental de Medellín. Instituto para el ManejoIntegral de la Cuenca del Río Medellín y SociedadAntioqueña de Ornitología, Medellín
CASTAÑO-VILLA GJ Y PATIÑO-ZABALA JC (2007) Compo-sición de la comunidad de aves en bosques frag-mentados en la región de Santa Elena. BoletínCientífico del Centro de Museos 11:47–60
CHAPMAN FM (1917) The distribution of bird-life inColombia: a contribution to a biological survey ofSouth America. Bulletin of the American Museum ofNatural History 36:1–729
CHRISTIANSEN MB Y PITTER E (1997) Species loss in aforest bird community near Lago Santa in south-eastern of Brazil. Biological Conservation 80:23–32
CROOKS KR (2002) Relative sensitivities of mamma-lian carnivores to habitat fragmentation. Conserva-tion Biology 16:488–502
DANIELSON WR, DEGRAAF RM Y FULLER TK (1997)Rural and suburban forest edges: effect on eggpredators and nest predation rates. Landscape andUrban Planning 38:25–36
DUNNING JB JR (1993) Handbook of avian body masses.CRC Press, Boca Raton
EMPRESAS PÚBLICASDE MEDELLÍN (1988) Cuenca de laquebrada Piedras Blancas: estudio geomorfológico.Empresas Públicas de Medellín, Medellín
ESPINAL LS (1985) Geografía ecológica del departa-mento de Antioquia (Zonas de vida–Formacionesvegetales). Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agrono-mía 38:24–39
FERRAZ G, RUSSELL GF, STOUFFER PC, BIERREGAARD RO,PIMM SL Y LOVEJOY TE (2003) Rates of species lossfrom Amazonian forest fragments. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences 100:14069–14073
GONZÁLEZ LF (1999) Caminos republicanos en Antioquia.Los caminos de Medellín a Rionegro, las rutas por SantaElena 1800–1928. Corporación Autónoma Regionaldel Centro de Antioquia, Medellín
HILTY SL Y BROWN WL (1986) A guide to the birds ofColombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton
JOHNELS SA Y CUADROS TC (1986) Species composi-tion and abundance of bird fauna in a disturbedforest in the central Andes of Colombia. Hornero12:235–241
KATTAN GH (1992) Rarity and vulnerability: the birdsof the Cordillera Central of Colombia. ConservationBiology 6:64–70
KATTAN GH (2001) Extinción de especies y fragmen-tación del hábitat en el Neotrópico. Pp. 205–206 en:PRIMACK R, ROZZI R, FEINSINGER P, DIRZO R YMASSARDO F (eds) Fundamentos de conservación bioló-gica: perspectivas latinoamericanas. Fondo de CulturaEconómica, México DF
KATTAN GH Y ÁLVAREZ-LÓPEZ H (1996) Preservationand management of biodiversity in fragmentedlandscapes in the Colombia Andes. Pp. 3–18 en:SCHELHAS J Y GREENBERG R (eds) Forest patches intropical landscapes. Island Press, Washington DC
KATTA N GH, ÁLVAREZ-LÓPEZ H Y GIRALDO M (1994)Forest fragmentation and bird extinctions: SanAntonio eighty years later. Conservation Biology8:138–146
LAURANCE WF (1991) Ecological correlates of extinc-tion proneness in Australian tropical rain forestmammals. Conservation Biology 5:79–89
LAURANCE WF Y BIERREGAARD RO (1997) Tropical forestremnants: ecology, management, and conservation offragmented communities. University of Chicago Press,Chicago
LAURANCE WF, LOVEJOY TE, VASCONCELOS HL, BRUNAEM, DIDHAM RK, STOUFFER PC, GASCON C, BIERRE-GAARD RO, LAURANCE SG Y SAMPAIO E (2002) Ecosys-tem decay of Amazon forest fragments: a 22-yearinvestigation. Conservation Biology 16:605–618
LECK CF (1979) Avian extinctions in an isolated tropi-cal wet forest preserve, Ecuador. Auk 96:343–352
LENS L, VAN DONGEN S, NORRIS K, GITHIRU M YMATTHYSEN E (2002) Avian persistence in frag-mented rainforest. Science 298:1236–1238
LOISELLE BA Y BLAKE JG (1992) Population variationin a tropical bird community: implications for con-servation. BioScience 42:838–845
LOISELLE BA Y HOPPES WG (1983) Nest predation ininsular and mainland lowland forest in Panama.Condor 85:93–95
LOVEJOY TE, BIERREGAARD RO JR, RYLANDS AB,MALCOLM JR, QUINTELA CE, HARPER LH, BROWN KSJR, POWELL AH, POWELL GVN, SCHUBART HOR YHAYS MB (1986) Edge and other effects of isolationon Amazon forest fragments. Pp. 257–285 en: SOULÉME (ed) Conservation Biology. The science of scarcityand diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland
MEYERDE SCHAUENSEE R (1948–1952) The birds of theRepublic of Colombia. Caldasia 5:251–1224
MYERS N, MITTERMEIER RA, MITTERMEIER CG, DAFONSECA GAB Y KENT J (2000) Biodiversity hotspotsfor conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858
NEWMARK WD (1991) Tropical forest fragmentationand the local extinction of understory birds in theEastern Usambara mountains, Tanzania. Conserva-tion Biology 5:67–78
POWELL GV Y BJORK R (1995) Implications of intra-tropical migration on reserve design: a case studyusing Pharomachrus mocinno. Conservation Biology9:354–362
REMSEN JV, CADENA CD, JARAMILLO A, NORES M,PACHECO JF, ROBBINS MB, SCHULENBERG TS, STILES FG,STOTZ DF Y ZIMMER KJ (2007) A classification of thebird species of South America. American Ornitholo-gists’ Union, Baton Rouge (URL: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html)
RENJIFO LM (1999) Composition changes in asubandean avifauna after long-term forest fragmen-tation. Conservation Biology 13:1124–1139
RENJIFO LM, FRANCO-MAYA AM, AMAYA-ESPINEL JD,KATTAN GH Y LÓPEZ-LANÚS B (2002) Libro rojo de avesde Colombia. Instituto de Investigación de RecursosBiológicos Alexander von Humboldt y Ministeriodel Medio Ambiente, Bogotá
RIBON R, SIMON JE Y DE MATTOS GT (2003) Bird ex-tinctions in Atlantic forest fragments of the Viçosaregion, southeastern Brazil. Conservation Biology17:1827–1839
ROBINSON WD (1999) Long-term changes in the avi-fauna of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, a tropicalforest isolate. Conservation Biology 13:85–97
SCLATER PL Y SALVIN O (1879) On the birds collectedby the late Mr. T. K. Salmon in the State of Antioquia,United States of Colombia. Proceedings of the Zoo-logical Society of London 1879:486–550
SODHI NS, LIOW LH Y BAZZAZ FA (2004) Avianextinctions from tropical and subtropical forests.Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics35:323–345
STATTERSFIELD AJ, CROSBY MJ, LONG AJ Y WEGE DC(1998) Endemic bird areas of the world. Priorities forbiodiversity conservation. Burlington Press, Cam-bridge
STILES FG Y SKUTCH AF (1989) A guide to the birds ofCosta Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca
STOTZ DF, FITZPATRICK JW, PARKER TA III Y MOSKOVISTDK (1996) Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation.University of Chicago Press, Chicago
STOUFFER PC Y BIERREGAARD RO JR (1995) Effects offorest fragmentation on understory humming-birds in Amazonian Brazil. Conservation Biology9:1085–1094
STRATFORD JA Y STOUFFER PC (1999) Local extinctionsof terrestrial insectivorous birds in a fragmentedlandscape near Manaus, Brazil. Conservation Biol-ogy 13:1416–1423
TURNER IM (1996) Species loss in fragments of tropi-cal rainforest: a review of the evidence. Journal ofApplied Ecology 33:200–209
VILLAREAL H (2006) Ecosistemas terrestres naturales.Pp. 43–66 en: CHAVES ME Y SANTAMARÍA M (eds) In-forme sobre el avance en el conocimiento y la informa-ción de la biodiversidad 1998–2004. Tomo II. Institutode Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexandervon Humboldt, Bogotá
WILLIS EO (1979) The composition of avian commu-nities in remanescent woodlots in southern Brazil.Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33:1–25
WILLIS EO Y EISENMANN E (1979) A revised list of birdsof Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Smithsonian Con-tributions to Zoology 291:1–31
ZAR JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis. Cuarta edición.Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River

How to cite

Gabriel J. Castaño-Villa, Juan C. Patiño-Zabala (2008). Local extinctions of birds in forest fragments in the Santa Elena region, central Andes, Colombia. El Hornero, Vol. 23 No. 1 (2008), 23-34. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v23i1.746

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[1] DOS ANJOS L (2006) Bird species sensitivity in a frag-mented landscape of the Atlantic forest in South-ern Brazil. Biotropica 38:229–234

[2] ANTOGIOVANNI M Y METZGER JP (2005) Influence ofmatrix habitats on the occurrence of insectivorousbirds species in Amazonian forest fragments.Biological Conservation 122:441–451

[3] ARANGO-VÉLEZ N Y KATTAN GH (1997) Effects of for-est fragmentation on experimental nest predationin Andean cloud forest. Biological Conservation81:137–143

[4] BIERREGAARD RO Y LOVEJOY TE (1989) Effects of forestfragmentation on Amazonian understory bird com-munities. Acta Amazonica 19:215–241

[5] BIERREGAARD RO Y STOUFFER PC (1997) Understorybirds and dynamic habitat mosaics in Amazonianrainforests. Pp. 138–155 en: LAURANCE WE YBIERREGAARD RO (eds) Tropical forest remmants.Ecology, management, and conservation of fragmentedcommunities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

[6] BLONDEL J, FERRY C Y FROCHOT B (1981) Point countswith unlimited distance. Studies in Avian Biology6:414–420

[7] CARDILLO M Y BROMHAN L (2001) Body size and riskof extinction in Australian mammals. ConservationBiology 15:1435–1440

[8] CASTAÑO GJ (2004) Evaluación del riesgo de extinción deaves en hábitats fragmentados a largo plazo mediante elanálisis de sus características ecológicas. Tesis de Maes-tría, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín

[9] CASTAÑO GJ Y ARIAS A (1999) Evaluación de la avifaunade la microcuenca de la quebrada Santa Helena, zonacentro oriental de Medellín. Instituto para el ManejoIntegral de la Cuenca del Río Medellín y SociedadAntioqueña de Ornitología, Medellín

[10] CASTAÑO-VILLA GJ Y PATIÑO-ZABALA JC (2007) Compo-sición de la comunidad de aves en bosques frag-mentados en la región de Santa Elena. BoletínCientífico del Centro de Museos 11:47–60

[11] CHAPMAN FM (1917) The distribution of bird-life inColombia: a contribution to a biological survey ofSouth America. Bulletin of the American Museum ofNatural History 36:1–729

[12] CHRISTIANSEN MB Y PITTER E (1997) Species loss in aforest bird community near Lago Santa in south-eastern of Brazil. Biological Conservation 80:23–32

[13] CROOKS KR (2002) Relative sensitivities of mamma-lian carnivores to habitat fragmentation. Conserva-tion Biology 16:488–502

[14] DANIELSON WR, DEGRAAF RM Y FULLER TK (1997)Rural and suburban forest edges: effect on eggpredators and nest predation rates. Landscape andUrban Planning 38:25–36

[15] DUNNING JB JR (1993) Handbook of avian body masses.CRC Press, Boca Raton

[16] EMPRESAS PÚBLICASDE MEDELLÍN (1988) Cuenca de laquebrada Piedras Blancas: estudio geomorfológico.Empresas Públicas de Medellín, Medellín

[17] ESPINAL LS (1985) Geografía ecológica del departa-mento de Antioquia (Zonas de vida–Formacionesvegetales). Revista de la Facultad Nacional de Agrono-mía 38:24–39

[18] FERRAZ G, RUSSELL GF, STOUFFER PC, BIERREGAARD RO,PIMM SL Y LOVEJOY TE (2003) Rates of species lossfrom Amazonian forest fragments. Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences 100:14069–14073

[19] GONZÁLEZ LF (1999) Caminos republicanos en Antioquia.Los caminos de Medellín a Rionegro, las rutas por SantaElena 1800–1928. Corporación Autónoma Regionaldel Centro de Antioquia, Medellín

[20] HILTY SL Y BROWN WL (1986) A guide to the birds ofColombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton

[21] JOHNELS SA Y CUADROS TC (1986) Species composi-tion and abundance of bird fauna in a disturbedforest in the central Andes of Colombia. Hornero12:235–241

[22] KATTAN GH (1992) Rarity and vulnerability: the birdsof the Cordillera Central of Colombia. ConservationBiology 6:64–70

[23] KATTAN GH (2001) Extinción de especies y fragmen-tación del hábitat en el Neotrópico. Pp. 205–206 en:PRIMACK R, ROZZI R, FEINSINGER P, DIRZO R YMASSARDO F (eds) Fundamentos de conservación bioló-gica: perspectivas latinoamericanas. Fondo de CulturaEconómica, México DF

[24] KATTAN GH Y ÁLVAREZ-LÓPEZ H (1996) Preservationand management of biodiversity in fragmentedlandscapes in the Colombia Andes. Pp. 3–18 en:SCHELHAS J Y GREENBERG R (eds) Forest patches intropical landscapes. Island Press, Washington DC

[25] KATTA N GH, ÁLVAREZ-LÓPEZ H Y GIRALDO M (1994)Forest fragmentation and bird extinctions: SanAntonio eighty years later. Conservation Biology8:138–146

[26] LAURANCE WF (1991) Ecological correlates of extinc-tion proneness in Australian tropical rain forestmammals. Conservation Biology 5:79–89

[27] LAURANCE WF Y BIERREGAARD RO (1997) Tropical forestremnants: ecology, management, and conservation offragmented communities. University of Chicago Press,Chicago

[28] LAURANCE WF, LOVEJOY TE, VASCONCELOS HL, BRUNAEM, DIDHAM RK, STOUFFER PC, GASCON C, BIERRE-GAARD RO, LAURANCE SG Y SAMPAIO E (2002) Ecosys-tem decay of Amazon forest fragments: a 22-yearinvestigation. Conservation Biology 16:605–618

[29] LECK CF (1979) Avian extinctions in an isolated tropi-cal wet forest preserve, Ecuador. Auk 96:343–352

[30] LENS L, VAN DONGEN S, NORRIS K, GITHIRU M YMATTHYSEN E (2002) Avian persistence in frag-mented rainforest. Science 298:1236–1238

[31] LOISELLE BA Y BLAKE JG (1992) Population variationin a tropical bird community: implications for con-servation. BioScience 42:838–845

[32] LOISELLE BA Y HOPPES WG (1983) Nest predation ininsular and mainland lowland forest in Panama.Condor 85:93–95

[33] LOVEJOY TE, BIERREGAARD RO JR, RYLANDS AB,MALCOLM JR, QUINTELA CE, HARPER LH, BROWN KSJR, POWELL AH, POWELL GVN, SCHUBART HOR YHAYS MB (1986) Edge and other effects of isolationon Amazon forest fragments. Pp. 257–285 en: SOULÉME (ed) Conservation Biology. The science of scarcityand diversity. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland

[34] MEYERDE SCHAUENSEE R (1948–1952) The birds of theRepublic of Colombia. Caldasia 5:251–1224

[35] MYERS N, MITTERMEIER RA, MITTERMEIER CG, DAFONSECA GAB Y KENT J (2000) Biodiversity hotspotsfor conservation priorities. Nature 403:853–858

[36] NEWMARK WD (1991) Tropical forest fragmentationand the local extinction of understory birds in theEastern Usambara mountains, Tanzania. Conserva-tion Biology 5:67–78

[37] POWELL GV Y BJORK R (1995) Implications of intra-tropical migration on reserve design: a case studyusing Pharomachrus mocinno. Conservation Biology9:354–362

[38] REMSEN JV, CADENA CD, JARAMILLO A, NORES M,PACHECO JF, ROBBINS MB, SCHULENBERG TS, STILES FG,STOTZ DF Y ZIMMER KJ (2007) A classification of thebird species of South America. American Ornitholo-gists’ Union, Baton Rouge (URL: http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.html)

[39] RENJIFO LM (1999) Composition changes in asubandean avifauna after long-term forest fragmen-tation. Conservation Biology 13:1124–1139

[40] RENJIFO LM, FRANCO-MAYA AM, AMAYA-ESPINEL JD,KATTAN GH Y LÓPEZ-LANÚS B (2002) Libro rojo de avesde Colombia. Instituto de Investigación de RecursosBiológicos Alexander von Humboldt y Ministeriodel Medio Ambiente, Bogotá

[41] RIBON R, SIMON JE Y DE MATTOS GT (2003) Bird ex-tinctions in Atlantic forest fragments of the Viçosaregion, southeastern Brazil. Conservation Biology17:1827–1839

[42] ROBINSON WD (1999) Long-term changes in the avi-fauna of Barro Colorado Island, Panama, a tropicalforest isolate. Conservation Biology 13:85–97

[43] SCLATER PL Y SALVIN O (1879) On the birds collectedby the late Mr. T. K. Salmon in the State of Antioquia,United States of Colombia. Proceedings of the Zoo-logical Society of London 1879:486–550

[44] SODHI NS, LIOW LH Y BAZZAZ FA (2004) Avianextinctions from tropical and subtropical forests.Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics35:323–345

[45] STATTERSFIELD AJ, CROSBY MJ, LONG AJ Y WEGE DC(1998) Endemic bird areas of the world. Priorities forbiodiversity conservation. Burlington Press, Cam-bridge

[46] STILES FG Y SKUTCH AF (1989) A guide to the birds ofCosta Rica. Cornell University Press, Ithaca

[47] STOTZ DF, FITZPATRICK JW, PARKER TA III Y MOSKOVISTDK (1996) Neotropical birds: ecology and conservation.University of Chicago Press, Chicago

[48] STOUFFER PC Y BIERREGAARD RO JR (1995) Effects offorest fragmentation on understory humming-birds in Amazonian Brazil. Conservation Biology9:1085–1094

[49] STRATFORD JA Y STOUFFER PC (1999) Local extinctionsof terrestrial insectivorous birds in a fragmentedlandscape near Manaus, Brazil. Conservation Biol-ogy 13:1416–1423

[50] TURNER IM (1996) Species loss in fragments of tropi-cal rainforest: a review of the evidence. Journal ofApplied Ecology 33:200–209

[51] VILLAREAL H (2006) Ecosistemas terrestres naturales.Pp. 43–66 en: CHAVES ME Y SANTAMARÍA M (eds) In-forme sobre el avance en el conocimiento y la informa-ción de la biodiversidad 1998–2004. Tomo II. Institutode Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexandervon Humboldt, Bogotá

[52] WILLIS EO (1979) The composition of avian commu-nities in remanescent woodlots in southern Brazil.Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 33:1–25

[53] WILLIS EO Y EISENMANN E (1979) A revised list of birdsof Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Smithsonian Con-tributions to Zoology 291:1–31

[54] ZAR JH (1999) Biostatistical analysis. Cuarta edición.Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River