Biometry, age classes and sex ratio in Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) stranded on the northwest coast of the province of Río Negro (Argentina)

Abstract

References

1. Aliotta S, Schnack EJ, Isla FI, Lizasoain GO (2000) Desarrollo secuencial de formas de fondo en un régimen macromareal. Asociación Argentina de Sedimentología 7:95–107
2. Agnew DJ, Kerry K (1995) Sexual dimorphism in penguins. Pp. 299–318 en: Normar PNI, Reilly P (eds) The penguins: ecology and management. Surrey Beatty and Sons, UK
3. Barrett RT, Peterz M, Furness RW, Durinck J (1989) The variability of biometric measurements. Ringing & Migration 10:13–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/03078698.1989.9676001
4. Barrionuevo M, Ciancio J, Steinfurth A, Frere E (2020) Geolocation and stable isotopes indicate habitat segregation between sexes in Magellanic Penguins during the winter dispersión. Journal of Avian Biology 51:e02325. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.02325
5. Barrionuevo M, Ferretti V, Ciancio J, Frere E (2021) Sex-specific costs of rearing a nestling and its implications in the brood sex ratio of Magellanic Penguins. Marine Biology 168:125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-021-03906-y
6. Barrionuevo M, Frere E (2023) Partial migration in Magellanic Penguins. Journal of Avian Biology 2024:e03203. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.03203
7. Bertellotti M, Blanco G, Tella JL, Donázar JA, Forero M (2024) Offspring sex ratio is related with laying date and hatching sequence in the Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus. Ornitología Neotropical 35:32–37. https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v35i1.1271
8. Bertellotti M, Tella JL, Godoy JA, Blanco G, Forero MG, Donázar JA, Ceballos O (2002) Determining sex of Magellanic Penguins using molecular procedures and discriminant functions. Waterbirds 25:479–484. https://doi.org/10.1675/1524-4695(2002)025[0479:DSOMPU]2.0.CO;2
9. Boersma PD, García Borboroglu P, Frere E, Godoy Reyes C, Kane O, Pozzi LM, Pütz K, Raya Rey A, Rebstock GA, Simeone A, Smith J, Van Buren A, Yorio P (2015) Pingüino de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus). Pp 253–285 en: Boersma PD, García Borboroglu P (eds) Pingüinos: historial natural y conservación. Vazquez Mazzini Editores, Buenos Aires, Argentina
10. Boersma PD, Rebstock GA, Frere E, Moore SE (2009) Following the fish: penguins and productivity in the South Atlantic. Ecological Monographs 79:59–76. https://doi.org/10.1890/06-0419.1
11. Brandão ML, Braga KM, Luque JL (2011) Marine debris ingestion by Magellanic Penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus (Aves: Sphenisciformes), from the Brazilian coastal zone. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:2246–2249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.07.016
12. Brusius BK, Buss de Souza R, Pereira de Freitas RA, Barbieri E (2021) Effects of environmental variables on Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) strandings in southeastern Brazil. Ocean & Coastal Management 210:105704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2021.105704
13. Byrd BL, Hohn AA, Lovewell GN, Altman KM, Barco SG, Friedlaender A, Harms CA, McLellan WA, Moore KT, Rosel PE, Thayer BG (2014) Strandings as indicators of marine mammal biodiversity and human interactions off the coast of North Carolina. Fishery Bulletin-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 112:1–23. https://doi.org/10.7755/FB.112.1.1
14. Carbone ME, Perillo GME, Piccolo MC (2007) Dinámica morfológica de los ambientes costeros de Bahía de San Antonio Oeste, provincia de Río Negro. Geoacta 32:83–91
15. Cardoso LG, Bugoni L, Mancini PL, Haimovici M (2011) Gillnet fisheries as a major mortality factor of Magellanic Penguins in wintering areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62:840–844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.01.033
16. Ciancio JE, Yorio P, Buratti C, Colombo GÁ, Frere E (2021) Isotopic niche plasticity in a marine top predator as indicator of a large marine ecosystem food web status. Ecological Indicators 126:107687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.107687
17. Dellacasa RF, Tamini LL, Chiaramonte GE, Riestra CM, Derndich JJB, Acosta MB., Belaus, A, Biene Palacios BN, Bogel F, Blanco MA, Bonetti EA, Brost A, Brost J, Brost J, Brost K, Brost W, Cabrelli S, Carelli M, Despósito S, Di Fabio A, Doumecq Milieu R, Duvieilh LA, Fangauf RA, López L, Lorente M, Luján H, Mazzutti J, Merodio CB, Moorlag W, Nogueira JL, Panisello G, Pérez LR, Politano Möller ME, Romero SS, Rui L, Taraborelli PA, Varela J, Vila LN, Villa MB, Zehnder CA (2024) Programa ECOFAM: integrando ciencia ciudadana y fauna marina en la costa de la provincia de Buenos Aires. El Hornero 39:105–117. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v39i1.1484
18. Di Beneditto APN, Aguiar Santos R, Russel Rosa K, Siciliano S (2015) Magellanic Penguins: stomach contents and isotopic profiles to assess the feeding demands of juveniles in a wintering area off Brazil. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 95:423–430. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414001532
19. Estévez J, Mameli L, Goodall N (2002) An expert system to help taxonomic classification in avian archaeology: A first attempt with bird species from Tierra del Fuego. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia 45:383–391
20. Ewbank AC, Sacristán C, Costa-Silva S, Antonelli M, Lorenço JR, Nogueira GA, Ebert MB, Kolesnikovas CKM, Catão-Dias JL (2020) Postmortem findings in Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) caught in a drift gillnet. BMC Veterinary Research 16:153. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12917-020-02363-x
21. Fernández SJ, Yorio P, Ciancio JE (2019) Diet composition of expanding breeding populations of the Magellanic Penguin. Marine Biology Research 15: 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2019.1596286
22. Fogliarini CDO, Bugoni L, Haimovici M, Secchi ER, Cardoso LG (2019). High mortality of adult female Magellanic Penguins by gillnet fisheries in southern Brazil. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 29:1657–1664. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3143
23. Fox J, Weisberg S (2019) An R Companion to Applied Regression, Third edition. Sage, Thousand Oaks CA. https://socialsciences.mcmaster.ca/jfox/Books/Companion/
24. Fucks EE, Schnack EJ, Charó M (2012) Aspectos geológicos y geomorfológicos del sector N del Golfo San Matías, Río Negro, Argentina. Revista de la Sociedad Geológica de España 25:95–105
25. García GO, Gómez-Laich A (2007) Abundancia y riqueza específica en un ensamble de aves marinas y costeras del sudeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. El Hornero 22:9–16. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v22i1.770
26. García GO, Paterlini CA, Hernandez MM, Behotas RT, Favero M, Seco Pon JP (2020) Hematology and plasma chemistry values in beached Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) in northern Argentina during the nonbreeding season. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine 50:927–936. https://doi.org/10.1638/2019-0012
27. García-Borboroglu P, Boersma PD, Ruoppolo V, Pinho-da-Silva-Filho R, Corrado-Adornes A, Conte-Sena D, Velozo R, Myiaji-Kolesnikovas C, Dutra G, Maracini P, Carvalho-do-Nascimento C, Ramos-Júnior V, Barbosa L, Serra S (2010) Magellanic Penguin mortality in 2008 along the SW Atlantic coast. Marine Pollution Bulletin 60:1652–1657. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.07.006
28. García-Borboroglu P, Pozzi LM, Parma AM, Dell’Arciprete P, Yorio P (2022) Population distribution shifts of Magellanic Penguins in northern Patagonia, Argentina: Implications for conservation and management strategies. Ocean & Coastal Management 226:106259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2022.106259
29. Geraci JR, Lounsbury VJ (2005) Marine Mammals Ashore: A Field Guide for Strandings. Second edition. Editorial National Aquarium in Baltimore. Baltimore, USA
30. Gerzenstein E (1965) Aves de la costa marítima y orilla fluvial del Uruguay. El Hornero 10:235–246. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v10i3.1319
31. Gómez-Laich A, Wilson RP, Sala JE, Luzenti A, Quintana F (2015) Moving northward: comparison of the foraging effort of Magellanic Penguins from three colonies of northern Patagonia. Marine Biology 162:1451–1461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-015-2681-1
32. González JF, Sánchez-Carnero N, Frere E, Yorio P, Ciancio JE (2024) Developing δ15N and δ13C isoscapes using whole blood from Magellanic Penguins, Spheniscus magellanicus. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 38:e9860. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.9860
33. González-Zevallos D, Yorio P (2006) Seabird use of discards and incidental captures at the Argentine hake trawl fishery in the Golfo San Jorge, Argentina. Marine Ecology Progress Series 316:175–183
34. Gownaris NJ, Boersma PD (2019) Sex-biased survival contributes to population decline in a long-lived seabird, the Magellanic Penguin. Ecological Applications 29:e01826.  https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.1826
35. Gownaris NJ. García Borboroglu P, Boersma PD (2020) Sex ratio is variable and increasingly male biased at two colonies of Magellanic Penguins. Ecology 101:e02939. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.2939
36. Gross J, Ligges U (2015) nortest: Tests for Normality. R package version 1.0-4. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=nortest
37. Haman KH, Norton TM, Ronconi RA, Nemeth NM, Thomas AC, Courchesne SJ, Segars A, Keel MK (2013) Great shearwater (Puffinus gravis) mortality events along the eastern coast of the United States. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 49:235–245. https://doi.org/10.7589/2012-04-119
38. Hamel NJ, Burger AE, Charleton K, Davidson P, Lee S, Bertram DF, Parrish JK (2009) Bycatch and beached birds: assessing mortality impacts in coastal net fisheries using marine bird strandings. Marine Ornithology 37:41–60
39. Hedd A, Gales R, Brothers N (1998) Reliability of morphometric measures for determining the sex of adult and fledging shy albatrosses, Diomedea cauta cauta, in Australia. Wildlife Research 25:69–79. https://doi.org/10.1071/WR96121
40. Jorge DM (2016) Ocurrencia y diversidad de grandes vertebrados marinos varados en playas del Partido de Villa Gesell, provincia de Buenos Aires. Tesis de Grado, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
41. Kassambara A (2023) rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests. R package version 0.7.2. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=rstatix
42. Kokot R, Salminci J, Luna F, Tunstall C (2013) Retroceso costero y su relación con parámetros geotectónicos. Las Grutas, Río Negro. Revista de Geología Aplicada a la Ingeniería y al Ambiente 30:53–66
43. Korschenewski P (1975) Contribución al estudio del Pingüino Común o Magallánico (Spheniscus magellanicus). El Hornero 11:320–321. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v11i4.1267
44. Kühn S, van Franeker JA (2020) Quantitative overview of marine debris ingested by marine megafauna. Marine Pollution Bulletin 151:110858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110858
45. Mace GM, Baillie JE (2007) The 2010 biodiversity indicators: challenges for science and policy. Conservation Biology 21:1406–1413. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00830.x
46. Mäder A, Sander M, Casa Jr. G (2010) Ciclo sazonal de mortalidade do pingüim-de-Magalhães, Spheniscus magellanicus influenciado por fatores antrópicos e climáticos na costa do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 18:228–233
47. Marques FP, Cardoso LG, Haimovici M, Bugoni L (2018) Trophic ecology of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) during the non-breeding period. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 210:109–112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2018.06.001
48. Narosky S, Fiameni MA (1986) Aves pelágicas en Costa Bonita, Buenos Aires, Argentina. El Hornero 12:281–285. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v12i4.1176
49. Petry MV, Fonseca VDS (2002) Effects of human activities in the marine environment on seabirds along the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Ornitologia Neotropical 13:137–142
50. Petry MV, Fonseca VSS, Jost, AH (2004). Registro de Pinguins de Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) mortos no Rio Grande do Sul. Acta Biologica Leopoldensia 26:139–144
51. Pinto MBLC, Siciliano S, Di Beneditto APM (2007) Stomach contents of the Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus from the northern distribution limit on the Atlantic coast of Brazil. Marine Ornithology 35:77–78. https://doi.org/10.5038/2074-1235.35.1.724
52. Piola AR, Scasso LM (1988) Circulación en el Golfo San Matías. Geoacta 15:33–51
53. Pizá VM, Pereya PJ, Seco Pon JP (2025) Spatial and temporal variation of beached birds in coastal northern Argentine Patagonia. Marine Ornithology 53:103–114. https://doi.org/10.5038/2074-1235.53.1.1620
54. Prado JH, Daudt NW, Perez MS, Castilho PV, Monteiro DS (2022) Intensive and wide-ranging beach surveys uncover temporal and spatial stranding patterns of marine megafauna. ICES Journal of Marine Science 80:492–506. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsac119
55. Pütz K, Schiavini A, Raya Rey A, Lüthi BH (2007) Winter migration of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) from the southernmost distributional range. Marine Biology 152:1227–1235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-007-0770-5
56. R Core Team (2024) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/
57. Ramos da Silva R, Pereira J, Tanajura CAS, Lentini CAD, Cirano M, Dee Boersma P, Rodrigues RR (2012) Occurrence of Magellanic Penguins along the Northeast Brazilian coast during 2008 austral winter. The Scientific World Journal 2012:686184. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/686184
58. Rebstock GA, García Borboroglu P, Boersma PD (2022) Variability in foraging range and direction among colonies in a widespread seabird, the Magellanic Penguin. Frontiers in Marine Science 9:815706. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.815706
59. Reis EC, Aires RM, Moura JF, Matias CAR, Tavares M, Ott PH, Siciliano S, Lôbo-Hajdu G (2011) Molecular sexing of unusually large numbers of Spheniscus magellanicus (Spheniscidae) washed ashore along the Brazilian coast in 2008. Genetics and Molecular Research 10:3731–3737. https://dx.doi.org/10.4238/2011.December.5.7
60. Roletto J, Mortenson K, Harrald I, Hall J, Grella L (2003) Beached bird surveys and chronic oil pollution in Central California. Marine Ornithology 31:21–28
61. Romero MA, Svendsen G, Arias M, González R (2021) Varamiento masivo de delfines comunes Delphinus delphis en la Bahía de San Antonio. Informe Técnico N°05/2021, San Antonio Oeste, Argentina
62. Saad JF, Narvarte MA, Abrameto MA, Alder VA (2019) Drivers of nano- and microplanktonic community structure in a Patagonian tidal flat ecosystem. Journal of Plankton Research 41:621–639. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbz045
63. Savigny C, Carbajal M (2015) El albatros corona blanca (Thalassarche steadi) (Falla, 1933) en la República Argentina. Primer registro confirmado por espécimen y notas sobre su distribución e identificación en el campo. Nótulas Faunísticas 180:1–9
64. Scherer JFM, Scherer AL, Petry MV (2011) A survey of beachcast seabirds along the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 19:505–513
65. Schiavini A, Yorio P, Gandini P, Raya Rey A, Boersma PD (2005) Los pingüinos de las costas argentinas: estado poblacional y conservación. El Hornero 20:5-23. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v20i1.816
66. Scolaro JA (1987) Sexing fledglings and yearlings of Magellanic Penguins by discriminant analysis of morphometric measurements. Colonial Waterbirds 10:50–54. https://doi.org/10.2307/1521230
67. Scolaro JA, Hall MA, Ximenez IM (1983) The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus): Sexing adults by discriminant analysis of morphometric characters. The Auk 100:221–224
68. Seco Pon JP, Álvarez VA, Nicolini AT, Rosenthal AF, García GO (2023) Ingestion of marine debris by juvenile Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in wintering grounds of coastal Argentina. Marine Pollution Bulletin 193:115247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115247
69. Seco Pon JP, Copello S, Moretinni A, Lértora HP, Bruno I, Bastida J, Mauco L, Favero M (2013) Seabird and marine-mammal attendance and by-catch in semi-industrial trawl fisheries in near-shore waters of northern Argentina. Marine and Freshwater Research 64:237–248. https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/MF12312
70. Seco Pon JP, García GO (2022) Pingüino de Magallanes (Spheniscus magellanicus) en la costa norte de Argentina: ¿evidencias de un sesgo sexual en aves juveniles varadas?. El Hornero 37:65–77. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v37i1.362
71. Silva AL, Siles L, Cardona L, Tavares E, Crespo E, Gandini P (2015) Diferencias estacionales en la dieta de individuos juveniles del Pingüino Patagónico (Spheniscus magellanicus) reveladas en base al análisis de isótopos estables en uñas. El Hornero 30:45–54. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v30i2.582
72. Skewgar E, Simeone A, Boersma PD (2009) Marine reserve in Chile would benefit penguins and ecotourism. Ocean & Coastal Management 52:487–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.07.003
73. Stokes DL, Dee Boersma P, Lopez de Casenave J, García-Borboroglu P (2014) Conservation of migratory Magellanic Penguins requires marine zoning. Biological Conservation 170:151–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2013.12.024
74. Tamini LL, Dellacasa RF (2009) Project Seabird Argentina: Conservation through community involvement, final report. British Petroleum Conservation Programme. https://www.conservationleadershipprogramme.org/project/project-seabirds-argentina/
75. Tamini LL, Perez JE, Chiaramonte GE, Cappozzo HL (2002) Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus and fish as bycatch in the cornalito Sorgentinia incisa fishery at Puerto Quequén, Argentina. Atlantic Seabirds 4:109–114
76. Tavares DC, Moura JF, Merico A, Siciliano S (2020) Mortality of seabirds migrating across the tropical Atlantic in relation to oceanographic processes. Animal Conservation 23:307–319. https://doi.org/10.1111/acv.12539
77. Tavares Nunes G, da Rosa Leal G, da Silva Barreto J, Mäder A, Ochotorena de Freitas TR, Dias Lopes D, Fernández GP (2015) Razão sexual assimétrica entre carcaças de Spheniscus magellanicus na costa norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Ornithologia 8:75–77
78. Thomas L (1996) Monitoring long-term population change: why are there so many analysis methods? Ecology 77:49–58. https://doi.org/10.2307/2265653
79. Trathan PN, García-Borboroglu P, Boersma D, Bost CA, Crawford RJ M, Crossin GT, Cuthbert RJ, Dann P, Davis LS, de la Puente S, Ellenberg U, Lynch HJ, Mattern T, Pütz K, Seddon PJ, Trivelpiece W, Wienecke BC (2015) Pollution, habitat loss, fishing, and climate change as critical threats to penguins. Conservation Biology 29:31–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12349
80. Vanstreels RET, Adornes AC, Canabarro PL, Ruoppolo V, da Silva-Filho RP, Catão-Dias JL (2013) Female-biased mortality of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) on the wintering grounds. Emu – Austral Ornithology 113:128–134. https://doi.org/10.1071/MU12060
81. Vanstreels RET, Adornes AC, Ruoppolo V, Canabarro PL, Silva-Filho RP, Catão-Dias JL (2011) Gender determination from morphometrics in migrating Magellanic Penguins Spheniscus magellanicus. Marine Ornithology 39:215–220
82. Villanueva C, Walker B, Bertellotti M (2012) A matter of history: Effects of tourism on physiology, behaviour and breeding parameters in Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at two colonies in Argentina. Journal of Ornithology 153:219–28. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10336-011-0730-1
83. Wagner EL, Frere E, Boersma PD (2023) Changing course: Relocating commercial tanker lanes significantly reduces threat of chronic oiling for a top marine predator. Marine Pollution Bulletin 193:115195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115195
84. Walker BG, Boersma PD, Wingfield JC (2005a) Physiological and behavioral differences in Magellanic Penguin chicks in undisturbed and tourist-visited locations of a colony. Conservation Biology 19:1571–1577. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00104.x
85. Walker BG, Wingfield JC, Boersma PD (2005b) Age and food deprivation affects expression of the glucocorticosteroid stress response in the Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) chicks. Physiological and Biochemical Zoology 78:78–89. https://doi.org/10.1086/422769
86. Wickham H, Averick M, Bryan J, Chang W, McGowan LD, François R, Grolemund G, Hayes A, Henry L, Hester J, Kuhn M, Pedersen TL, Miller E, Bache SM, Müller K, Ooms J, Robinson D, Seidel DP, Spinu V, Takahashi K, Vaughan D, Wilke C, Woo K, Yutani H (2019) Welcome to the tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software 4:1686. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.01686
87. Wickham H, Bryan J (2023) readxl: Read Excel Files. R package version 1.4.3. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=readxl
88. Williams TD, Boersma PD (1995) Magellanic Penguin Spheniscus magellanicus. Pp. 249–257 en: Williams TD (ed) The Penguins: Spheniscidae. Oxford University Press, Oxford
89. Yamamoto T, Yoda K, Blanco GS, Quintana F (2019) Female-biased stranding in Magellanic Penguins. Current Biology 29:R1–R15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.023
90. Yorio P, Quintana F, Dell’Arciprete, P, González-Zevallos, D (2010) Spatial overlap between foraging seabirds and trawl fisheries: implications for the effectiveness of a marine protected area at Golfo San Jorge, Argentina. Bird Conservation International 20:320–334. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0959270910000286
91. Zar JH (1999) Bioestatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey

How to cite

Downloads