Variación estacional en el consumo de roedores por la Lechuza de Campanario (Tyto alba) en un área suburbana de Chillán, centro-sur de Chile

Daniel González Acuña; Marcelo Ausset Salgado; Oscar Skewes Ramm; Ricardo A. Figueroa Rojas

doi:10.56178/eh.v19i2.831

Articles Published 01 December 2004 https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v19i2.831

Seasonal variation of rodent consumption by the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in a suburban area of Chillán, central-south Chile

Barn Owl central-south Chile Oligoryzomys longicaudatus seasonal diet suburban area Tyto alba

Daniel González Acuña Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción. Chillán, Chile

Marcelo Ausset Salgado Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción. Chillán, Chile

Oscar Skewes Ramm Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Concepción. Chillán, Chile

Ricardo A. Figueroa Rojas Estudios para la Conservación y Manejo de la Vida Silvestre Consultores. Blanco Encalada 350, Chillán, Chile

Abstract

During two years (November 1999–December 2001) we studied the seasonal variation of the diet of the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in an suburban area of Chillán, Chile. On the basis of 259 pellets we identified 624 prey items. Five native and introduced rodent species, one bird order, and two insect orders composed the diet. With the exception of the 1999 spring, rodents were the most consumed prey during all seasons (63–100% of all individual preys). Among rodents, Oligoryzomys longicaudatus was the most dominant prey by number (18–56%). The diet diversity tended to be lower during winter. Geometric mean weight of rodent prey was seasonally variable, being lowest when Oligoryzomys longicaudatus was less consumed. Oligoryzomys longicaudatus and Rattus rattus made major biomass contribution. A sharp seasonal variation was observed in the Barn Owl diet, being rodents significantly most consumed during fall-winter. Seasonal consumption of birds also showed a significant variation, which was caused by its higher representation during spring 1999. Oligoryzomys longicaudatus showed the highest fluctuations, being significantly consumed during winter. Seasonal variation of the Barn Owl’s diet in Chillán was in close agreement with the temporal cycles of abundance of the rodent preys in southern Chile. As compared to other rodent species, the highest consumption of Oligoryzomys longicaudatus could be accounted by its differential vulnerability, probably caused by their scansorial habits, its tridimensional use of the habitat, and their widest displacements.

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References

ARAYA B, BERNAL M, SCHLATTER R Y SALLABERRY M(1995) Lista patrón de las aves chilenas. Editorial Uni-versitaria, Santiago
BELLOCQ MI (1987) Selección de hábitat de caza ydepredación diferencial de Athene cunicularia sobreroedores en ecosistemas agrarios. Revista Chilena deHistoria Natural 60:81–86
BELLOCQ MI (1990) Composición y variación temporalde la dieta de Tyto alba en ecosistemas agrarios pam-peanos, Argentina. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 2:32–35
BELLOCQ MI (1998) Prey seletion by breeding and non-breeding Barn Owls in Argentina. Auk 115:224–229
BELLOCQ MI (2000) A review of the trophic ecology ofthe Barn Owl in Argentina. Journal of Raptor Research34:108–119
BELLOCQ MI Y KRAVETZ FO (1994) Feeding strategyand predation of the Barn owl (Tyto alba) and theBurrowing owl (Speotyto cunicularia) on rodent spe-cies, sex, and size, in agrosystems of central Argen-tina. Ecología Austral 4:29–34
BOZINOVIC F Y MEDEL R (1988) Body size, energeticand foraging mode of raptors in central Chile: aninference. Oecologia 75:456–458
BUDEN DW (1974) Prey remains of Barn owls in thesouthern Bahama islands. Wilson Bulletin 86:336–343
DI CASTRI F Y HAJEK E (1976) Bioclimatología de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
CASTRO SA Y JAKSIC FM (1995) Great Horned and Barnowls prey differentially according to the age/size ofa rodent in northcentral Chile. Journal of RaptorResearch 29:245–249
CERPA C Y YÁÑEZ J (1981) Variación estacional de ladieta de Tyto alba (Gray, 1829) en la zona mediterrá-nea de Chile Central. Boletín del Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural 38:137–146
CHERRES MV (2004) Estudio de prevalencia de Hantavirus(cepa Sin Nombre) y Trichinella spirallis en poblaciónmúrida capturada en el estero las Toscas, Chillán, en eneroy febrero de 2003. Tesis de grado, Medicina Veterina-ria, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán
CLARK RJ, SMITH DG Y KELSO LH (1978) Working biblio-graphy of owls of the world. National WildlifeFederation, Washington DC
DICKMAN CR, PREVADEC M Y LYNAM AJ (1991) Differ-ential predation of size and sex classes of mice bythe barn owl, Tyto alba. Oikos 62:67–76
EBENSPERGER LA, MELLA JE Y SIMONETTI JA (1991)Trophic relationships among Galictis cuja, Dusicyonculpaeus, and Tyto alba in central Chile. Journal ofMammalogy 72:820–823
FIGUEROA RA Y CORALES ES (2002) Winter diet of theAmerican Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in the ForestedChilean Patagonia, and its relation to the availabil-ity of prey. International Hawkwatcher 5:7–14
FIGUEROA ROJAS RA, CORALES STAPPUNG ES Y ALVARADOOS (2003) Diet of the Red-backed Hawk (Buteopolyosoma) in a forested area of the ChileanPatagonia and its relation to the abundance of ro-dent prey. Hornero 18:43–52
FOWLER J Y COHEN L (1986) Statistics for ornithologists.British Trust for Ornithology, Norfolk
FULK GW (1976) Owl predation and rodent mortal-ity: a case of study. Mammalia 40:423–427
GONZÁLEZ D, ARIAS G, BRAVO J Y SKEWES O (2003) Roe-dores consumidos por la lechuza blanca (Tyto alba)en un ambiente suburbano de la provincia de Ñuble,VIII región, Chile. Noticiero Mensual del Museo Na-cional de Historia Natural 351:3–8
GONZÁLEZ LA, MURÚA RE Y JOFRÉ C (1989)The effectof seed availability on population density ofOryzomys in southern Chile. Journal of Mammalogy70:401–403
GREER JK (1989) Mamíferos de la provincia de Malleco.Museo Dillman S. Bullock, Angol
HARDY LM (1989) Unusually high bird component ofthe Barn Owl, Tyto alba (Aves: Tytonidae), diet incoastal Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Acad-emy of Sciences 52:62–65
HERRERA CM Y JAKSIC FM (1980) Feeding ecology ofthe Barn Owl in central Chile and southern Spain:a comparative study. Auk 97:760–767
DEL HOYO J, ELLIOTT A Y SARGATAL J (1999) Handbook ofthe birds of the world. Volume 3. Barn owls to humming-birds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona
IRIARTE JA, FRANKLIN WI Y JOHNSON WE (1990) Dietsof sympatric raptors in southern Chile. Journal ofRaptor Research 24:41–46
JAKSIC FM (1997) Ecología de los vertebrados de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago
JAKSIC FM Y CAROTHERS JH (1983) Ecological, morpho-logical, and bioenergetic correlates of hunting modein hawks and owls. Ornis Scandinavica 16:165–172
JAKSIC FM, SEIB RL Y HERRERA CM (1982) Predationby the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Mediterranean habi-tats of Chile, Spain and California: a comparativeapproach. American Midland Naturalist 107:151–162
JAKSIC FM Y YÁÑEZ JL (1979) The diet of the Barn Owlin Central Chile and its relation to the availabilityof prey. Auk 96:619–621
JAKSIC FM, YAÑEZ JL, PERSICO R Y TORRES JC (1977)Sobre la partición de recursos por las Strigiformesde Chile Central. Anales del Museo de Historia Natu-ral de Valparaíso 10:185–194
JOHNSTON DW (1974) Food of the Barn Owl on GrandCayman, British West Indies. Quarterly Journal of theFlorida Academy of Sciences 35:171–172
KOTLER BP (1985) Owl predation on desert rodentswhich differ in morphology and behavior. Journalof Mammalogy 66:824–828
KREBS CJ (1989) Ecological methodology. Harper Collins,New York
LUNDBERG A (1979) Residence, migration and a com-promise: adaptation to nest-site scarcity and foodspecialization in three Fennoscandian owl species.Oecologia 41:273–281
MARTI C (1987) Raptor food habits studies. Pp. 67–79en: PENDLETON BA, MILLSAP BA, CLINE KW Y BIRDDM (eds) Raptor management techniques manual. Na-tional Wildlife Federation, Washington DC
MASSOIA E (1979) Descripción de un género y especienuevos: Bibimys torresi (Mammalia-Rodentia-Cricetidae-Sigmodontinae-Scapteromyini). Physis38:1–7
MESERVE PL, LANG BK, MURÚA RE, MUÑOZ-PEDREROSA Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1991) Characteristics of a terres-trial small mammal assemblage in a temperaterainforest in Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natu-ral 64:157–169
MURÚA RE Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1979) Distribución de roe-dores silvestres con relación a las características delhábitat. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural deValparaíso 12:69–75
MURÚA RE Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1982) Microhabitat selec-tion in two Chilean cricetid rodents. Oecologia 52:12–15
MURÚA RE Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1986) Regulation ofnumbers in two Neotropical rodent species insouthern Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural59:193–200
MURÚA RE, GONZÁLEZ LA Y JOFRÉ C (1982) Estudiosecológicos de roedores silvestres en los bosques tem-plados fríos de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural 38:105–116
MURÚA RE, GONZÁLEZ LA Y MESERVE PL (1986) Popu-lation ecology of Oryzomys longicaudatus Phillipi(Rodentia: Cricetidae) in southern Chile. Journal ofAnimal Ecology 55:281–293
MUSSER GM Y CARLETON MD (1993) Family Muridae.Pp. 501–756 en: WILSON DE Y REEDER DM (eds) Mam-mal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographicreference. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC
NORES AI Y GUTIÉRREZ M (1990) Dieta de la lechuzade campanario (Tyto alba) en Córdoba, Argentina.Hornero 13:129–132
NORIEGA JI, ARAMBURÚ RM, JUSTO ER Y DE SANTIS LJM(1993) Birds present in pellets of Tyto alba (Strigifor-mes, Tytonidae) from Casa de Piedra, Argentina.Journal of Raptor Research 27:37–38
PARDIÑAS UF Y CIRIGNOLI S (2002) Bibliografía comen-tada sobre los análisis de egagrópilas de aves rapa-ces en Argentina. Ornitología Neotropical 13:31–59
PARDIÑAS UF Y GALLIARI CA (1998) La distribución delratón topo Notiomys edwardsii (Mammalia: Muridae).Neotrópica 44:123–124
PEARSON O (1995) Annotated keys for identifyingsmall mammals living in or near Nahuel HuapiNational Park or Lanin National Park, southernArgentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 2:99–148
PEÑA L (1986) Introducción a los insectos de Chile. Edi-torial Universitaria, Santiago
PILLADO MS Y TREJO A (2000) Diet of the Barn Owl(Tyto alba tuidara) in Northwestern ArgentinePatagonia. Journal of Raptor Research 34:334–338
PODESTÁ DH, CIRIGNOLI S Y PARDIÑAS UF (2000)Nuevos datos sobre la distribución de Octodonbridgesii (Mammalia: Rodentia) en la Argentina.Neotrópica 46:75–77
RAU JR, MARTINEZ DR Y YAÑEZ J (1985) Dieta de lalechuza blanca, Tyto alba (Strigiformes) en el sur deChile. Boletín del Museo Regional de la Araucanía2:134–135
REISE D (1973) Clave para la determinación de los crá-neos de marsupiales y roedores chilenos. GayanaZoología 27:1–20
REISE D Y VENEGAS W (1974) Observaciones sobre elcomportamiento de la fauna de micromamíferos enla región de Puerto Ibáñez (Lago General Carrera),Aysén, Chile. Boletín de la Sociedad de Biología de Con-cepción 47:71–85
SANTIBAÑEZ DP Y JAKSIC FM (1999) Prey size mattersat the upper tail of the distribution: a case study innorthcentral Chile. Journal of Raptor Research33:170–172
SIMEONE A (1995) Ecología trófica del bailarín Elanusleucurus y la lechuza blanca Tyto alba y su relación con laintervención humana en el sur de Chile. Tesis de Licen-ciatura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia
TIRANTI SI (1992) Barn Owl prey in southern LaPampa, Argentina. Journal of Raptor Research 26:89–92
TORRES-MURA JC Y CONTRERAS LC (1989) Ecologíatrófica de la lechuza blanca (Tyto alba) en los Andesde Chile Central. Studies on Neotropical Fauna andEnvironment 24:97–103
TRAVAINI A, DONAZAR JA, CEBALLOS O, RODRIGUEZ A,HIRALDO F Y DELIBES M (1997) Food habits of Com-mon Barn-Owls along an elevational gradient inAndean Argentine Patagonia. Journal of RaptorResearch 31:59–64
TREJO A Y GUTHMAN N (2003) Owl selection on sizeand sex classes of rodents: activity and microhabi-tat use of prey. Journal of Mammalogy 84:652–658
TREJO A Y OJEDA V (2004) Diet of Barn owls (Tyto alba)in forested habitats of northwestern ArgentinePatagonia. Ornitología Neotropical (Suppl.):1–5
ZAR JH (1994) Biostatistical analysis. Tercera edición.Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River

How to cite

Daniel González Acuña, Marcelo Ausset Salgado, Oscar Skewes Ramm, Ricardo A. Figueroa Rojas (2004). Seasonal variation of rodent consumption by the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in a suburban area of Chillán, central-south Chile. El Hornero, Vol. 19 No. 2 (2004), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.56178/eh.v19i2.831

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[1] ARAYA B, BERNAL M, SCHLATTER R Y SALLABERRY M(1995) Lista patrón de las aves chilenas. Editorial Uni-versitaria, Santiago

[2] BELLOCQ MI (1987) Selección de hábitat de caza ydepredación diferencial de Athene cunicularia sobreroedores en ecosistemas agrarios. Revista Chilena deHistoria Natural 60:81–86

[3] BELLOCQ MI (1990) Composición y variación temporalde la dieta de Tyto alba en ecosistemas agrarios pam-peanos, Argentina. Vida Silvestre Neotropical 2:32–35

[4] BELLOCQ MI (1998) Prey seletion by breeding and non-breeding Barn Owls in Argentina. Auk 115:224–229

[5] BELLOCQ MI (2000) A review of the trophic ecology ofthe Barn Owl in Argentina. Journal of Raptor Research34:108–119

[6] BELLOCQ MI Y KRAVETZ FO (1994) Feeding strategyand predation of the Barn owl (Tyto alba) and theBurrowing owl (Speotyto cunicularia) on rodent spe-cies, sex, and size, in agrosystems of central Argen-tina. Ecología Austral 4:29–34

[7] BOZINOVIC F Y MEDEL R (1988) Body size, energeticand foraging mode of raptors in central Chile: aninference. Oecologia 75:456–458

[8] BUDEN DW (1974) Prey remains of Barn owls in thesouthern Bahama islands. Wilson Bulletin 86:336–343

[9] DI CASTRI F Y HAJEK E (1976) Bioclimatología de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago

[10] CASTRO SA Y JAKSIC FM (1995) Great Horned and Barnowls prey differentially according to the age/size ofa rodent in northcentral Chile. Journal of RaptorResearch 29:245–249

[11] CERPA C Y YÁÑEZ J (1981) Variación estacional de ladieta de Tyto alba (Gray, 1829) en la zona mediterrá-nea de Chile Central. Boletín del Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural 38:137–146

[12] CHERRES MV (2004) Estudio de prevalencia de Hantavirus(cepa Sin Nombre) y Trichinella spirallis en poblaciónmúrida capturada en el estero las Toscas, Chillán, en eneroy febrero de 2003. Tesis de grado, Medicina Veterina-ria, Universidad de Concepción, Chillán

[13] CLARK RJ, SMITH DG Y KELSO LH (1978) Working biblio-graphy of owls of the world. National WildlifeFederation, Washington DC

[14] DICKMAN CR, PREVADEC M Y LYNAM AJ (1991) Differ-ential predation of size and sex classes of mice bythe barn owl, Tyto alba. Oikos 62:67–76

[15] EBENSPERGER LA, MELLA JE Y SIMONETTI JA (1991)Trophic relationships among Galictis cuja, Dusicyonculpaeus, and Tyto alba in central Chile. Journal ofMammalogy 72:820–823

[16] FIGUEROA RA Y CORALES ES (2002) Winter diet of theAmerican Kestrel (Falco sparverius) in the ForestedChilean Patagonia, and its relation to the availabil-ity of prey. International Hawkwatcher 5:7–14

[17] FIGUEROA ROJAS RA, CORALES STAPPUNG ES Y ALVARADOOS (2003) Diet of the Red-backed Hawk (Buteopolyosoma) in a forested area of the ChileanPatagonia and its relation to the abundance of ro-dent prey. Hornero 18:43–52

[18] FOWLER J Y COHEN L (1986) Statistics for ornithologists.British Trust for Ornithology, Norfolk

[19] FULK GW (1976) Owl predation and rodent mortal-ity: a case of study. Mammalia 40:423–427

[20] GONZÁLEZ D, ARIAS G, BRAVO J Y SKEWES O (2003) Roe-dores consumidos por la lechuza blanca (Tyto alba)en un ambiente suburbano de la provincia de Ñuble,VIII región, Chile. Noticiero Mensual del Museo Na-cional de Historia Natural 351:3–8

[21] GONZÁLEZ LA, MURÚA RE Y JOFRÉ C (1989)The effectof seed availability on population density ofOryzomys in southern Chile. Journal of Mammalogy70:401–403

[22] GREER JK (1989) Mamíferos de la provincia de Malleco.Museo Dillman S. Bullock, Angol

[23] HARDY LM (1989) Unusually high bird component ofthe Barn Owl, Tyto alba (Aves: Tytonidae), diet incoastal Louisiana. Proceedings of the Louisiana Acad-emy of Sciences 52:62–65

[24] HERRERA CM Y JAKSIC FM (1980) Feeding ecology ofthe Barn Owl in central Chile and southern Spain:a comparative study. Auk 97:760–767

[25] DEL HOYO J, ELLIOTT A Y SARGATAL J (1999) Handbook ofthe birds of the world. Volume 3. Barn owls to humming-birds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona

[26] IRIARTE JA, FRANKLIN WI Y JOHNSON WE (1990) Dietsof sympatric raptors in southern Chile. Journal ofRaptor Research 24:41–46

[27] JAKSIC FM (1997) Ecología de los vertebrados de Chile.Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago

[28] JAKSIC FM Y CAROTHERS JH (1983) Ecological, morpho-logical, and bioenergetic correlates of hunting modein hawks and owls. Ornis Scandinavica 16:165–172

[29] JAKSIC FM, SEIB RL Y HERRERA CM (1982) Predationby the Barn Owl (Tyto alba) in Mediterranean habi-tats of Chile, Spain and California: a comparativeapproach. American Midland Naturalist 107:151–162

[30] JAKSIC FM Y YÁÑEZ JL (1979) The diet of the Barn Owlin Central Chile and its relation to the availabilityof prey. Auk 96:619–621

[31] JAKSIC FM, YAÑEZ JL, PERSICO R Y TORRES JC (1977)Sobre la partición de recursos por las Strigiformesde Chile Central. Anales del Museo de Historia Natu-ral de Valparaíso 10:185–194

[32] JOHNSTON DW (1974) Food of the Barn Owl on GrandCayman, British West Indies. Quarterly Journal of theFlorida Academy of Sciences 35:171–172

[33] KOTLER BP (1985) Owl predation on desert rodentswhich differ in morphology and behavior. Journalof Mammalogy 66:824–828

[34] KREBS CJ (1989) Ecological methodology. Harper Collins,New York

[35] LUNDBERG A (1979) Residence, migration and a com-promise: adaptation to nest-site scarcity and foodspecialization in three Fennoscandian owl species.Oecologia 41:273–281

[36] MARTI C (1987) Raptor food habits studies. Pp. 67–79en: PENDLETON BA, MILLSAP BA, CLINE KW Y BIRDDM (eds) Raptor management techniques manual. Na-tional Wildlife Federation, Washington DC

[37] MASSOIA E (1979) Descripción de un género y especienuevos: Bibimys torresi (Mammalia-Rodentia-Cricetidae-Sigmodontinae-Scapteromyini). Physis38:1–7

[38] MESERVE PL, LANG BK, MURÚA RE, MUÑOZ-PEDREROSA Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1991) Characteristics of a terres-trial small mammal assemblage in a temperaterainforest in Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natu-ral 64:157–169

[39] MURÚA RE Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1979) Distribución de roe-dores silvestres con relación a las características delhábitat. Anales del Museo de Historia Natural deValparaíso 12:69–75

[40] MURÚA RE Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1982) Microhabitat selec-tion in two Chilean cricetid rodents. Oecologia 52:12–15

[41] MURÚA RE Y GONZÁLEZ LA (1986) Regulation ofnumbers in two Neotropical rodent species insouthern Chile. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural59:193–200

[42] MURÚA RE, GONZÁLEZ LA Y JOFRÉ C (1982) Estudiosecológicos de roedores silvestres en los bosques tem-plados fríos de Chile. Boletín del Museo Nacional deHistoria Natural 38:105–116

[43] MURÚA RE, GONZÁLEZ LA Y MESERVE PL (1986) Popu-lation ecology of Oryzomys longicaudatus Phillipi(Rodentia: Cricetidae) in southern Chile. Journal ofAnimal Ecology 55:281–293

[44] MUSSER GM Y CARLETON MD (1993) Family Muridae.Pp. 501–756 en: WILSON DE Y REEDER DM (eds) Mam-mal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographicreference. Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC

[45] NORES AI Y GUTIÉRREZ M (1990) Dieta de la lechuzade campanario (Tyto alba) en Córdoba, Argentina.Hornero 13:129–132

[46] NORIEGA JI, ARAMBURÚ RM, JUSTO ER Y DE SANTIS LJM(1993) Birds present in pellets of Tyto alba (Strigifor-mes, Tytonidae) from Casa de Piedra, Argentina.Journal of Raptor Research 27:37–38

[47] PARDIÑAS UF Y CIRIGNOLI S (2002) Bibliografía comen-tada sobre los análisis de egagrópilas de aves rapa-ces en Argentina. Ornitología Neotropical 13:31–59

[48] PARDIÑAS UF Y GALLIARI CA (1998) La distribución delratón topo Notiomys edwardsii (Mammalia: Muridae).Neotrópica 44:123–124

[49] PEARSON O (1995) Annotated keys for identifyingsmall mammals living in or near Nahuel HuapiNational Park or Lanin National Park, southernArgentina. Mastozoología Neotropical 2:99–148

[50] PEÑA L (1986) Introducción a los insectos de Chile. Edi-torial Universitaria, Santiago

[51] PILLADO MS Y TREJO A (2000) Diet of the Barn Owl(Tyto alba tuidara) in Northwestern ArgentinePatagonia. Journal of Raptor Research 34:334–338

[52] PODESTÁ DH, CIRIGNOLI S Y PARDIÑAS UF (2000)Nuevos datos sobre la distribución de Octodonbridgesii (Mammalia: Rodentia) en la Argentina.Neotrópica 46:75–77

[53] RAU JR, MARTINEZ DR Y YAÑEZ J (1985) Dieta de lalechuza blanca, Tyto alba (Strigiformes) en el sur deChile. Boletín del Museo Regional de la Araucanía2:134–135

[54] REISE D (1973) Clave para la determinación de los crá-neos de marsupiales y roedores chilenos. GayanaZoología 27:1–20

[55] REISE D Y VENEGAS W (1974) Observaciones sobre elcomportamiento de la fauna de micromamíferos enla región de Puerto Ibáñez (Lago General Carrera),Aysén, Chile. Boletín de la Sociedad de Biología de Con-cepción 47:71–85

[56] SANTIBAÑEZ DP Y JAKSIC FM (1999) Prey size mattersat the upper tail of the distribution: a case study innorthcentral Chile. Journal of Raptor Research33:170–172

[57] SIMEONE A (1995) Ecología trófica del bailarín Elanusleucurus y la lechuza blanca Tyto alba y su relación con laintervención humana en el sur de Chile. Tesis de Licen-ciatura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia

[58] TIRANTI SI (1992) Barn Owl prey in southern LaPampa, Argentina. Journal of Raptor Research 26:89–92

[59] TORRES-MURA JC Y CONTRERAS LC (1989) Ecologíatrófica de la lechuza blanca (Tyto alba) en los Andesde Chile Central. Studies on Neotropical Fauna andEnvironment 24:97–103

[60] TRAVAINI A, DONAZAR JA, CEBALLOS O, RODRIGUEZ A,HIRALDO F Y DELIBES M (1997) Food habits of Com-mon Barn-Owls along an elevational gradient inAndean Argentine Patagonia. Journal of RaptorResearch 31:59–64

[61] TREJO A Y GUTHMAN N (2003) Owl selection on sizeand sex classes of rodents: activity and microhabi-tat use of prey. Journal of Mammalogy 84:652–658

[62] TREJO A Y OJEDA V (2004) Diet of Barn owls (Tyto alba)in forested habitats of northwestern ArgentinePatagonia. Ornitología Neotropical (Suppl.):1–5

[63] ZAR JH (1994) Biostatistical analysis. Tercera edición.Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River