Palabras clave
epizootia
flavivirus
virus West Nile
Cómo citar
Resumen
El virus West Nile es un flavivirus patógeno para humanos en el Viejo Mundo que ha experimentado recientemente un proceso de emergencia en el continente americano. Desde su introducción en 1999 en EEUU, se ha convertido en un patógeno de preocupación para las poblaciones de aves silvestres al haber provocado allí eventos masivos de mortalidad y porque numerosas especies de aves han experimentado disminuciones significativas de sus poblaciones. Para 2001 el virus ya se había dispersado fuera de EEUU, extendiéndose por América del Sur, América Central y el Caribe. Debido a la falta de un sistema de vigilancia activo para esta patología, no se conoce su verdadero impacto sobre las poblaciones silvestres en esas regiones. Sin embargo, la ausencia de epizootias indica una marcada diferencia en el comportamiento epidemiológico del virus con respecto a EEUU. En Argentina, su ecoepidemiología está poco estudiada y ha recibido poca atención en el ámbito ornitológico. Existen antecedentes de aislamiento viral en equinos enfermos y muertos, casos febriles y de encefalitis en humanos y detección de anticuerpos en aves silvestres en provincias del centro y norte del país. En este trabajo se brinda un análisis actualizado de la situación ecoepidemiológica del virus West Nile, aclarando conceptos básicos de virología y epidemiología para generar un acercamiento e interés de los ornitólogos en el área de los patógenos de importancia para la conservación de las aves. Hace falta una mayor inversión y participación en actividades de investigación interdisciplinarias para aclarar aspectos básicos de la biología, ecología y epidemiología de este nuevo patógeno en el continente americano.
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