Resumen
Se ha demostrado que algunas especies de aves son capaces de modificar sus cantos para evitar ser enmascarados por el ruido de fondo, un hecho particular que se enmarca dentro de la hipótesis de adaptación acústica al ambiente circundante. En este estudio se realizó un análisis de los parámetros físicos y temporales del canto de la Ratona Común (Troglodytes musculus) en tres ambientes acústicos diferentes (áreas urbana, periurbana y rural) dentro de la zona metropolitana de Belém (Brasil). Para evaluar el impacto acústico sobre el canto de la especie no se consideró el espectro completo del ruido ambiental sino sólo aquel que se encuentra en el rango de vocalización de la especie, que es el que potencialmente puede interferir en el canto. Algunos de los parámetros del canto, como la concentración de energía en relación a las frecuencias o la duración de las notas, se correlacionaron con los niveles de ruido ambiental. Las discrepancias entre los resultados obtenidos a partir de los niveles de ruido y de la zonificación urbana pueden ser una consecuencia de diferencias en la vegetación o en las características propias del planeamiento urbanístico de la ciudad de Belém. Tales correlaciones pueden ser un indicio de la adaptación acústica pero también puede haber otros factores que las expliquen. Si estos cambios se explicaran por los niveles de ruido ambiental, se requeriría una investigación orientada a demostrar que tales cambios contribuyen a una mejora efectiva de la transmisión del canto.
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