Palabras clave
conservación
depredación
nidos artificiales
Resumen
Los ambientes de pastizal están expuestos a un proceso de acelerada reducción, debido principalmente al avance de la agricultura, la ganadería y la urbanización, que ha llevado a la declinación de numerosas especies de aves. El Parque Provincial Ernesto Tornquist (provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina) alberga una población de caballos cimarrones cuyo pastoreo modifica la estructura y composición de la vegetación. Durante tres temporadas reproductivas se identificaron los grupos de depredadores de nidos asociados a diferentes situaciones de pastoreo. Se realizaron ensayos de depredación de nidos artificiales utilizando huevos de Codorniz o de plastilina para simular puestas de aves de pastizal. Los restos de los huevos fueron comparados con una colección de referencia para poder atribuir su consumo a distintos grupos de depredadores. De un total de 612 nidos colocados durante los tres años, el 27.5% fracasó. Las causas del fracaso fueron, en orden decreciente de importancia, la desaparición de los huevos, la depredación por macromamíferos, por micromamíferos, por aves, el pisoteo del ganado, el consumo por depredadores no identificados y la depredación por ofidios. El ensamble de depredadores sería diferente en las distintas condiciones de intensidad de pastoreo, lo que generaría un efecto diferencial sobre el éxito de cría de las aves.
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