Resumen
La urbanización es un proceso de transformación del paisaje que afecta a la biodiversidad. Las ciudades constituyen un paisaje heterogéneo debido a una distribución diferencial de las actividades humanas, de la infraestructura y composición vegetal. Las comunidades de aves varían según tales variaciones. En Argentina, existen evaluaciones sobre las comunidades de aves principalmente en ciudades capitales grandes, mientras que en ciudades intermedias los estudios son escasos. Las ciudades intermedias presentan mayores tasas de crecimiento que las ciudades capitales. Estudios sobre el efecto de los Usos de Suelo Urbanos (USU) pueden contribuir con la planificación del crecimiento urbano. Evaluamos la variación en la diversidad taxonómica de las comunidades de aves entre diferentes USU en Santo Tomé, una ciudad argentina de 66 133 habitantes. Realizamos conteos de aves en siete USU (centro, suburbano, periurbano, plazas, base militar, costanera y reserva urbana). En cada USU, ubicamos 10 transectas de 100 m de largo x 50 m de ancho. En cada transecta registramos la riqueza y abundancia de aves y la cantidad de peatones y vehículos. La diversidad taxonómica varió entre los diferentes USU. El centro presentó la menor riqueza y diversidad, en contraposición con la costanera y la reserva urbana. El resto de los USU presentaron niveles intermedios de riqueza y diversidad. La estructura y composición de las comunidades de aves son sensibles al tipo de USU. Nuestro estudio enfatiza la importancia de usos caracterizados por una alta cobertura vegetal, baja actividad humana y manejo de la vegetación con objetivo de conservación.
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