Palabras clave
aves marinas
aves pelágicas
conservación
plataforma continental argentina
sistemas frontales
Cómo citar
Resumen
La importancia de la plataforma continental argentina no está solamente vinculada con su extensión sino también con su elevada productividad, lo que hace que sea utilizada como área de alimentación por un importante número y biomasa de predadores tope marinos que se reproducen en la costa y en sectores insulares alejados del continente. Entre estos predadores tope, las aves pelágicas se destacan por sus extraordinarias habilidades de vuelo y sus extensos viajes de alimentación o migratorios de varios miles de kilómetros. La distribución de estas aves (y otros predadores tope marinos) a lo largo de la plataforma no es uniforme, presentando mayores concentraciones en áreas donde las características oceanográficas promueven elevadas abundancias de presas. Generalmente se observa un mayor número de individuos agregados cerca de frentes con gradientes de temperatura horizontales que sobre áreas térmicamente más homogéneas. Si bien algunas poblaciones de aves pelágicas sufren actualmente problemas relacionados con la contaminación, el disturbio humano y la degradación ambiental, los problemas de conservación más importantes parecen provenir de impactos sufridos en áreas reproductivas por la presencia de predadores introducidos y en el mar por los efectos negativos de la interacción con las pesquerías. La plataforma continental argentina tiene importancia global y juega un papel clave en el mantenimiento de aves y mamíferos marinos provenientes de regiones adyacentes y remotas. Existe una urgente necesidad de renovar la información disponible sobre la distribución de predadores tope en la plataforma para definir las áreas más importantes. El análisis combinado de esos datos con la distribución del esfuerzo pesquero y la explotación de recursos no renovables será crucial para desarrollar e implementar programas adecuados de conservación y manejo.
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